Table 6 Study characteristics.
Author (year) | Study design | Sample size (dropouts) | Mean age | ♂/♀ | Intervention duration | RAS | Wearable device(s) | Outcome |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Baram et al. (2007)46 | non-RCT | 14 MS + 11 healthy | 48.6 25.5 | 4/10 5/6 | 1 session | adaptive | headphones sensor | gait parameters |
Calvano et al (2023)28 | RCT | 25 PD | 61.0 | 15/10 | 2 sessions in 2 days | fixed-tempo | headphones sensors MP3-player | motor function |
Chomiak et al (2017)40 | non-RCT (pilot) | 11 PD | 69.9 | 9/2 | 3x/w, 10–20’, 4w | fixed-tempo | headphones sensors | step automaticity clinical test(s)/ questionnaire(s) |
Cochen De Cock et al. (2021)47 | non-RCT | 45 (6) PD | 65.0 | 15/20 | 5x/w, 30’, 4w | adaptive | BeatWalk smartphone application headphones sensors | gait parameters clinical test(s)/ questionnaire(s) |
Collimore et al. (2023)44 | non-RCT | 10 chronic stroke | 60.2 | 7/3 | 1 session | adaptive | headphones sensors | gait asymmetry |
Conklyn et al (2010)29 | RCT (pilot) | 10 MS | 48.6 | 3/7 | 7x/w, 20’, 2 or 4w | fixed-tempo | headphones MP3-player | gait parameters |
De Bartolo et al (2020)48 | non-RCT | 20 PD | 72.5 | 14/6 | 1 session | fixed-tempo | headphones sensor | gait parameters |
Elsner et al (2020)30 | RCT (pilot) | 12 chronic stroke | 67.0 | 3/9 | 3x/w, 30’, 4w | fixed-tempo | headphones MP3-player | gait parameters clinical test(s)/ questionnaire(s) |
Erra et al (2019)49 | non-RCT | 30 PD | 72.0 | 20/10 | 1 session | fixed-tempo | headphones sensors | gait parameters |
Ginis et al (2017)41 | non-RCT | 28 PD | 62.0 | 23/5 | 1 session | 2 conditions adaptive 1 condition fixed-tempo | headphones sensors | gait deviations |
Ginis et al (2017)42 | non-RCT | 28 PD + 13 healthy | 62.0 60.2 | 23/5 7/6 | 1 session | 2 conditions adaptive 1 condition fixed-tempo | headphones sensors | gait parameters |
Guimarães et al (2015)51 | non-RCT | 12 PD | 71.2 | 7/5 | 1 session | fixed-tempo | headphones | gait parameters |
Hove et al (2012)52 | non-RCT | 20 PD + 18 healthy | 69.2 24.7 | 8/12 16/2 | 1 session | 1 condition adaptive 1 condition fixed-tempo | WalkMate headphones sensors | fractal scaling |
Hutchinson et al (2020)45 | non-RCT | 11 chronic stroke | 57.7 | 9/2 | 1 or 3 session(s) in 1 or 3 days | adaptive | headphones sensors | gait parameters |
Kim et al (2012)31 | RCT | 18 (2) subacute stroke | 55.1 | 13/7 | 3x/w, 30’, 5w | fixed-tempo | earphones | gait parameters clinical test(s)/ questionnaire(s) |
Li et al (2022)32 | RCT | 40 PD | 63.8 | 34/36 | 5x/w, 1h, 4w | fixed-tempo | headphones music player | gait parameters clinical test(s)/ questionnaire(s) |
Lopez et al (2014)54 | non-RCT | 10 PD | 55.0 | 7/3 | 1 session | fixed-tempo | Listenmee® smartphone application headphones glasses smartwatch | gait parameters |
Mainka et al (2018)33 | RCT | 45 (10) stroke | 63.4 | 26/9 | 5x/w, 15’-20’, 4w | fixed-tempo | earplugs MP3-player | gait parameters clinical test(s)/ questionnaire(s) |
Moumdjian et al (2019)43 | non-RCT | 31 (4) MS + 30 (2) healthy | 53.5 51.8 | 8/23 8/22 | 1 session | adaptive | D-Jogger headphones music player sensors | gait parameters |
Murgia et al (2018)34 | RCT | 38 (6) PD | 68.2 | / | 2x/w, 45’, 5w + train 3x/w at home | fixed-tempo | headphones MP3-player | gait parameters clinical test(s)/ questionnaire(s) |
Nieuwboer et al (2009)50 | non-RCT | 133 PD | 66.6 | 78/55 | 1 session | fixed-tempo | earphone sensors | functional turning performance |
Park et al (2015)35 | RCT (pilot) | 19 chronic stroke | 53.4 | 10/9 | 5x/w, 30’, 3w | fixed-tempo | headphones | gait parameters clinical test(s)/ questionnaire(s) |
Park et al (2021)55 | non-RCT | 20 PD | 68.9 | 13/7 | 2 sessions in 1 day | fixed-tempo | APDM system headphones sensors | gait parameters arm swing |
Park et al (2020)56 | non-RCT | 23 PD | 69.5 | 15/8 | 1 session | fixed-tempo | APDM system headphones sensors | gait parameters arm swing |
Shahraki et al. (2017)36 | RCT | 18 MS | 39.2 | 4/14 | 3x/w, 30’, 3w | fixed-tempo | headphones | gait parameters |
Thaut et al (1996)37 | RCT | 37 PD | 71.3 | 26/11 | 7x/w, 30’, 3w | fixed-tempo | headphones music players | gait parameters clinical test(s)/ questionnaire(s) |
Thaut et al (2019)13 | RCT | 60 (13) PD | 72.0 | 32/28 | 7x/w, 30’, 24w | fixed-tempo | headphones MP3-player sensors | gait parameters clinical test(s)/ questionnaire(s) |
Uchitomi et al (2016)53 | non-RCT | 30 PD + 18 healthy | 74.9 70.6 | 16/14 12/6 | 1 session | adaptive | Walk-Mate headphones sensors | stride interval |
Uchitomi et al (2013)38 | RCT | 32 PD | 70.4 | 18/14 | 4 sessions in 4 days | 2 conditions fixed-tempo 1 condition adaptive | Walk-Mate headphones sensors | stride interval |
Hutin et al (2024)39 | RCT | 15 PD | 70 | 8/7 | 2 sessions | adaptive | headphones smartphone applications sensors GAIT Tutor ® | gait parameters clinical test(s)/ questionnaire(s) |
