Table 1 Symbol description.

c_i

PUF challenge signal of vehicle i

r

PUF response value to challenge c

u_i

The error correction code

ID_Vi

The ID of vehicle i

V_i

The ith vehicle

I_i

Index value of vehicle i stored by TA

K

Session key

K_Ci

The session key negotiated between vehicle Vi and TA

Hmac_key(data)

Hmac verification value calculated data using key

Time_i

System time