Table 5 Cost comparison of different schemes.

From: Lightweight identity authentication and key agreement scheme for VANETs based on SSL-PUF

Scheme

Time cost for Vi

Time cost for TA

Total (us)

Reference46

2Th + TeccMS + 2TeccM≈26,034.5

2Th + TeccMS + 4TeccM≈458.16

26,502.66

Reference47

Thp + 4Th + TEnc≈3070.3

2TeccMS + Thp + Thtp + 4Th + TEnc≈293.65

3363.95

Reference48

2Thp + TeccMS≈11,110

3TeccMS + Th≈187.01

11,292

Reference54

5TeccMS + Teca + 3Tpuf + 8Th≈25,282.1

6TeccMS + Teca + 3Tpuf + 9Th≈310.47

25,592.57

Ours

4Th + Tpuf + TPA + TBCHD≈703.1

5Th + TBCHE + TPA + Tprng≈17.53

720.63