Fig. 6
From: Beyond planar: fish schools adopt ladder formations in 3D
Fish schools become more polarized and more elongated in faster flow. (A–C) Heatmaps of neighbor probability from the side view when the school swims at (A) 1.6 BL/s, (B) 3.2 BL/s, and (C) 4.8 BL/s. (D) school length L (BL) (E) yaw \(\phi\) (rad), and (F) pitch \(\alpha\) (rad) as a function of swimming speeds. School length L is defined as the distance between the noses of the second first fish and the second last..
