Fig. 8

Expression patterns and functional validation of core PRGs in MM. A t-SNE plot showing 10 cellular clusters identified from 4,552 high-quality bone marrow cells (15 MM samples, GSE175385), annotated as four major immune populations based on marker gene expression. Every point on the graph represents a single cell. B t-SNE plot showing expression patterns of seven core PRGs from GSE175385. Color gradient indicates expression levels. C qPCR analysis of seven core PRGs was performed in MM samples (n = 6) and healthy controls (n = 5). Expression levels were normalized to GAPDH. Statistical significance was determined using the Mann-Whitney U test (*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001, ns = not significant). D Representative histopathology (H&E) and immunohistochemical staining in high-risk (n = 4) versus standard-risk (n = 5) patients. Scale bar:20 μm. E Comparative expression analysis of four core PRGs between risk groups (Mann-Whitney U test; *p < 0.05). F Cell viability of MM.1 S cells treated with Talazoparib (0–50µM, 72 h) by CCK-8 assay. ****p < 0.0001 vs. control (Mann-Whitney U test). G Morphological analysis of MM.1 S cells with or without Talazoparib treatment (12.5 µM, 72 h) by Wright-Giemsa staining. Scale bar: 20 μm.