Fig. 4

Effect of exercise on hyperlipidemia-induced cardiac damage shown using H&E, PAS, WGA, and Oil Red O staining. (A) Exercise attenuated inflammatory cell infiltration in HFD + E group mice compared with that in ApoE−/− HFD group mice. Scale bar = 100 μm. Arrows indicate positively stained cells. (B) WGA-stained (green fluorescence) and DAPI-stained (blue fluorescence) cardiac tissue sections obtained at × 40 magnification. (C) PAS staining in cardiac tissues. Scale bar = 100 μm. Arrows indicate positively stained cells. (D) Oil Red O staining of cardiac tissue sections obtained at × 40 magnifications. (E) Bar graph showing differences in the CSA of cardiomyocytes and percentage of PAS and Oil Red O positive cells, among different groups. Data are shown as the mean ± SEM; n = 3 per group, *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01. ApoE apolipoprotein E, HFD high-fat diet, ND normal diet, E exercise training, H&E hematoxylin and eosin, PAS periodic acid-Schiff, WGA wheat germ agglutinin, CSA cross-sectional area.