Fig. 4

Generation and prognostic significance of RS. (A) Volcano plot depicting DEGs between the two PCD-related EC clusters. (B) GO analysis of DEGs associated with PCD. (C) KEGG pathway analysis of PCD-related DEGs. (D) Integrated outcomes from 99 machine learning algorithms, with the C-index calculated for each model across the TCGA-EC and META cohorts. Models are ranked according to the average C-index. (E) Identification of RS hub genes using the RSF algorithm. (F) Results of univariate Cox regression analysis for hub genes in both the training and validation cohorts. (G–H) Survival analysis comparing high and low RS groups in both the TCGA-EC and META cohorts.