Table 2 Mean ± SD Variation of different echocardiographic parameters in the KFG and AKFG groups at various time points in dogs.

From: Echocardiography and cardiorespiratory changes post ketofol or atracurium/ketofol on acepromazine-methadone premedicated dogs

Parameters

Time

M0

M1

M2

T10

T20

T30

T40

T50

Group

Left ventricle parameters

IVSd (cm)

KFG

1.18 ± 0.31

0.91 ± 0.41†

1.31 ± 0.02

1.35 ± 0.15

1.37 ± 0.08

1.52 ± 0.11

1.51 ± 0.21

1.51 ± 0.2

AKFG

1.16 ± 0.22

0.85 ± 0.14†

1.66 ± 0.31*,†

1.79 ± 0.12*

1.90 ± 0.10*

1.99 ± 0.05*

2 ± 0.25*

2 ± 0.25*

IVSs (cm)

KFG

1.72 ± 0.71

0.78 ± 0.78†

2.94 ± 1.17

2.89 ± 1.44

2.97 ± 1.15

2.93 ± 0.55

2.72 ± 1.66

2.72 ± 1.6

AKFG

1.75 ± 0.29

0.71 ± 0.35†

3.39 ± 1.31*,†

3.05 ± 1.12*

3.28 ± 1.41*

3.17 ± 1.02*

3.44 ± 1.90*

3.44 ± 1.9*

LVIDd (cm)

KFG

1.66 ± 0.32

0.92 ± 0.10†

2 ± 0.71

1.72 ± 0.12

2.22 ± 0.08

2.66 ± 0.17

2.39 ± 0.10

2.39 ± 0.1

AKFG

1.63 ± 0.36

0.95 ± 0.50†

2.34 ± 0.14*,†

2.72 ± 0.83

2.72 ± 0.33

2.98 ± 0.89*

2.90 ± 0.16*

2.90 ± 0.1*

LVIDs (cm)

KFG

1.42 ± 0.17

0.93 ± 0.03†

1.17 ± 0.83

1.33 ± 1.17

1.66 ± 1.55

1.61 ± 1.44

1.83 ± 1.44

1.83 ± 1.4

AKFG

1.39 ± 0.31

0.89 ± 0.13†

1.33 ± 0.56*,†

2 ± 1.02*

1.66 ± 1.55*

2.15 ± 1.60*

2.22 ± 1.21*

2.22 ± 1.1*

LVPWd (cm)

KFG

1.22 ± 0.72

0.85 ± 0.67†

2.61 ± 0.89

2.33 ± 1.61

1.89 ± 1.44

1.89 ± 1.17

2.44 ± 1.77

2.44 ± 1.7

AKFG

1.39 ± 0.89

0.81 ± 0.09†

3.11 ± 1.61*,†

2.89 ± 1.24*

2.16 ± 1.90*

2.50 ± 1.10*

2.72 ± 0.91*

2.72 ± 0.1*

LVPWs (cm)

KFG

1.67 ± 1.22

0.82 ± 1.06†

2.39 ± 1.94

2.3 ± 1.01

1.66 ± 0.50

1.44 ± 1.28

1.89 ± 1.44

1.89 ± 1.4

AKFG

1.54 ± 1.34

0.87 ± 0.06†

2.44 ± 1.23*,†

2.39 ± 0.9*

2.50 ± 1.11*

2.22 ± 1.21*

2.72 ± 1.01*

2.72 ± 1.1*

EDV (ml)

KFG

35.61 ± 3.71

10.94 ± 5.09†

13.97 ± 3.76

15 .14 ± 1.12

18.14 ± 5.40

20.90 ± 5.60

25.59 ± 5.60

25.1 ± 5.1

AKFG

32.37 ± 5.12

11.10 ± 2.05†

21.36 ± 3.21*,†

23.99 ± 1.93*

24.92 ± 2.36*

25.03 ± 5.01*

27.65 ± 2.56*

27.1 ± 2.1*

ESV (ml)

KFG

14.82 ± 1.58

6.67 ± 0.58†

7.97 ± 1.15

8.36 ± 0.31

9.61 ± 1.75

10.17 ± 0.17

10.29 ± 0.04

10.3 ± 0.1

AKFG

13.29 ± 1.43

6.17 ± 0.58†

8.97 ± 1.30*,†

13.36 ± 1.1*

12.61 ± 0.09*

12.17 ± 1.57*

13.94 ± 1.32*

14.1 ± 1.3*

SV (ml)

KFG

11.03 ± 0.93

2.51 ± 1.90†

3.39 ± 1.42

3.78 ± 0.42

3.17 ± 0.05

5.90 ± 0.43

7.71 ± 0.60

7.8 ± 0.60

AKFG

11.93 ± 0.38

2.93 ± 0.45†

4.61 ± 1.12*,†

5.51 ± 1.73*

6.32 ± 0.91*

7.46 ± 0.92*

8.45 ± 1.11*

8.5 ± 1.11*

EF (%)

KFG

64 ± 2.1

55.2 ± 3.21†

59 ± 4.32

60 ± 4.27

61 ± 4.17

60 ± 2.75

64 ± 5.75

64 ± 5.75

AKFG

65 ± 2.1

53.7 ± 2.88†

65 ± 5.60*,†

66 ± 3.39*

68 ± 5.34*

68 ± 7.36*

68 ± 4.6*

68 ± 4.6*

FS (%)

KFG

31 ± 2.12

25 ± 5.41†

38 ± 1.9

37 ± 1.79

35 ± 3.6

36 ± 4.25

36 ± 3.18

35 ± 3.18

AKFG

30.81 ± 2.1

22.6 ± 3.52†

48 ± 4.9*,†

50 ± 0.99*

50 ± 2.78*

51 ± 2.12*

52 ± 2.10*

53 ± 2.10*

La/Ao ratio

KFG

1.72 ± 0.62

1.38 ± 0.18†

0.83 ± 0.08

1.01 ± 0.11

1.15 ± 0.50

1.28 ± 0.28

0.83 ± 0.11

0.83 ± 0.11

AKFG

1.72 ± 0.12

1.36 ± 0.20†

0.72 ± 0.12*,†

1.78 ± 0.31*

1.83 ± 0.21*

1.72 ± 0.23*

1.82 ± 0.12*

1.92 ± 0.12*

  1. IVSd interventricular septal thickness at end-diastole, IVSTs interventricular septal thickness at end-systole LVIDd left ventricular internal diameter at end-diastole, LVIDs left ventricular internal diameter at end-systole, LVPWd left ventricular posterior wall thickness at end-diastole, LVPWs left ventricular posterior wall thickness at end-systole, EDV left ventricular volume at end-diastole, ESV left ventricular volume at end-systole, SV stroke volume, EF% ejection fraction, FS% fractional shortening. Thirty minutes before (Baseline; M0), and after sedation with acepromazine/methadone (M1), and immediately after intubation (M2), 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 min after maintenance with VRI KF or AKF (T10, T20, T30, T40, and T50).
  2. *Significant P-value represents the comparison between groups. †Significant P-value the comparison between the base line M0 at (P ≤ 0.05).
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