Table 1 Training parameters of EEFN-XM-PDC-HybPS-GWO.

From: Enhanced EfficientNet-Extended Multimodal Parkinson’s disease classification with Hybrid Particle Swarm and Grey Wolf Optimizer

Parameter

Description/value

Convolution layers (33 conv.layers)

The EEFN-XM architecture consists of convolutional layers with different filter sizes and strides, including a stem layer and MBConv blocks

Hidden layer (activation function)

Swish is a self-gated activation function utilized in EEFN-XM

Attention mechanisms (4 conv. layers)

Depthwise separable convolution and Squeeze-and- Excitation

Lightweight cross-modal attention mechanism

Feature fusion layer (3 conv.layers)

Lightweight cross-modal attention mechanism fusion technique is used to concatenate image based and gait based features

Output layer (activation function)

SoftMax is used for classification tasks, including categorizing PD into healthy controls, early and advanced stages

Pooling layer

Global Average Pooling

Epochs

200

Batch size

32

Image dimension

224 × 224 × 3 represents the standard input size typically used for EEFN-XM

Learning rate

0.001

Optimizers used

Hybrid Particle Swarm and Grey Wolf Optimizer (HybPS-GWO)

Random seed

42