Fig. 1

Adjusted (physical activity, fasting glucose and smoking) amino acid concentrations for men and women across body mass index (BMI) for offspring of women without diabetes (controls) and offspring of women with type 1 diabetes (cases). BMI \(\:\ge\:\) 25.0 indicates overweight. Sum scores were created for glucogenic (alanine and glycine), aromatic (histidine, phenylalanine, and tyrosine), and branched chain (leucine, isoleucine, and valine) amino acids.