Table 1 Four main algorithms are used to evaluate the potential associations between combined ipilimumab and nivolumab therapy and AEs. CI confidence interval; χ²chi-squared, IC information component, IC025 the lower limit of 95% CI, of the IC, E(IC) the IC, expectations, V(IC) the variance of IC, EBGM empirical bayesian geometric mean, EBGM05 the lower limit of 95% CI, of EBGM.

ROR

ROR = ad/bc

lower limit of 95% CI > 1, a ≥ 3

95%CI = e ^{ln(ROR) ± 1.96(1/a + 1/b + 1/c + 1/d)^0.5}

PRR

PRR = a (c + d)/c (a + b)

PRR ≥ 2, χ² ≥ 4, a ≥ 3

χ2 = [(ad – bc) ^2](a + b + c + d)/[(a + b)(c + d)(a + c)(b + d)]

BCPNN

IC = log₂[a(a + b + c + d)/(a + c)(a + b)]

IC025 > 0

95%CI = E(IC) ± 2 V(IC)^0.5

MGPS

EBGM = a(a + b + c + d)/((a + c) (a + b))

EBGM05 > 2

95%CI = e^{ln(EBGM) ± 1.96(1/a + 1/b + 1/c + 1/d)^0.5}