Fig. 7

Heat map of the rate of change in landscape pattern metrics for different LULC types from 1980 to 2020 on the QTP. The data were standardized using the "maximum value method." The radii of the heat map circles represent the landscape metrics for 1980 and 2020, while the circle colors indicate the rate of change in these metrics from 1980–2000 and 2000–2020, illustrating the range of changes across different land types. (a) 1980–2000. (b) 2000–2020. Note: Generated using FRAGSTATS 4.2, https://www.fragstats.org/;and using python 3.11.8, https://www.python.org/downloads/release/python-3118/