Fig. 1 | Scientific Reports

Fig. 1

From: Assessing predation of monarch butterfly (Danaus plexippus) larvae using artificial caterpillar models

Fig. 1

Construction of artificial larval models, indentions by predators, and field examples. (A) Rolling of plasticine to create artificial larval models, (B) twisting to create striations that resemble monarch larvae, (C) finished model deployed on common milkweed, D-F) examples of impressions left by arthropod predators, G-H) beak indentions from avian predators, I-J) common milkweed stem damaged from an attack by an avian predator and recovered model, K) impressions left by mammalian predator, L) example of ‘missing’ model with no indication of predator identity.

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