Table 2 Serum biomarkers in parkinson’s disease (PD) patients, divided into those with high levels of mood + chronic fatigue symptoms (High MOOD + CFS) and those with lower MOOD + CFS symptoms (low MOOD + CFS), and healthy controls (HC).

Magnesium mM

0.93 (0.02)

0.98 (0.03)

0.95 (0.03)

Calcium mM

2.38 (0.03) ^{B, C}

2.18 (0.03) ^A

2.23 (0.04) ^A

HOMA2%S

110.62 (6.74) ^{B, C}

82.39 (8.34) ^A

77.81 (9.64) ^A

HOMA2IR

1.16 (0.09) ^{B, C}

1.54 (0.12) ^A

1.73 (0.13) ^A

Copper mg/l

0.83 (0.04)

0.91 (0.05)

0.98 (0.06)

Zinc mg/l

0.75 (0.03)

0.77 (0.03)

0.748 (0.04)

NSE ng/ml *

0.66 (0.07) ^{B, C}

0.91 (0.09) ^{A, C}

1.50 (0.10) ^{A, B}

S100B pg/ml

29.13 (1.95) ^{B, C}

39.80 (2.42) ^{A, C}

51.42 (2.79) ^{A, B}

pTau217 pg/ml *

3.51 (0.27) ^{B, C}

4.48 (0.34) ^A

4.92 (0.39 ) ^A

GFAP pg/ml *

3.15 (0.60) ^{B, C}

5.87 (0.74) ^A

5.26 (0.85) ^A

IL-6 pg/ml *

3.85 (0.73)

6.10 (0.90)

5.83 (1.04)

IL-10 pg/ml *

3.34 (0.62) ^{B, C}

5.53 (0.77) ^{A, C}

9.07 (0.89) ^{A, B}

Comp_GPT (z score)

-0.55 (0.51) ^{B, C}

0.21 (1.01) ^{A, C}

0.82 (1.08) ^{A, B}

Comp_IRS index (z score)

-0.96 (1.77) ^{B, C}

0.50 (2.40) ^{A, C}

1.26 (2.26) ^{A, B}