Fig. 3
From: Advancements in noise reduction for wheel speed sensing using enhanced LSTM models

Simulated automotive wheel speed sensor subject to environmental interference (50Â Hz, 1000Â Hz Sampling, 30Â dB SNR). A 1-s time series generated by adding white Gaussian noise (30Â dB SNR) to a 50Â Hz square wave, illustrating moderate amplitude fluctuations under typical road conditions.