Fig. 7
From: Advancements in noise reduction for wheel speed sensing using enhanced LSTM models

Results of the variational mode decomposition (VMD) and Hilbert-Huang Transform (HHT) Analysis on Environmental Interference Noise. Shows the pure white Gaussian noise (10Â dB SNR, 1-s interval, 1000Â Hz sampling), illustrating broadband fluctuations and frequency content without the underlying 50Â Hz square wave.