Fig. 5
Quantitative analysis of the niche of S. vulgaris in its native range (Europe) and invaded range (China) based on the hypervolume package. Note: The picture above depicted that niche shift of S. vulgaris between native area (Europe) and invaded area (China), and the blue dash line indicate that the environment range space of native area and similarly the red dash indicate that the environment range space of invaded area. The blue and red dots symbolize the species density of S. vulgaris in each range. The black arrow is the direction of niche shift of S. vulgaris from native area to invaded area.
