Fig. 4

Correlation between measured SPT N-values and estimated void ratio for different soil types. Sandy soils (shown in black) demonstrate a clear negative correlation, indicating higher soil density (lower void ratio) with increasing N-values.

Correlation between measured SPT N-values and estimated void ratio for different soil types. Sandy soils (shown in black) demonstrate a clear negative correlation, indicating higher soil density (lower void ratio) with increasing N-values.