Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the sepsis population according to 365-day mortality.

From: L-shape association between serum chloride and 365-day mortality in critically ill patients with sepsis based on the MIMIC-IV database

 

Total (n = 17,743)

Survival (n = 11,980)

No survival (n = 5763)

P

Age, years

66.49 ± 16.30

63.92 ± 16.38

71.82 ± 14.76

 < 0.001

Gender, n (%)

   

 < 0.001

 Female

7406 (41.74)

4856 (40.53)

2550 (44.25)

 

 Male

10,337 (58.26)

7124 (59.47)

3213 (55.75)

 

Weight, kg

83.27 ± 25.11

85.58 ± 25.43

78.47 ± 23.71

 < 0.001

WBC, K/µL

13.39 ± 10.79

13.02 ± 9.21

14.17 ± 13.45

 < 0.001

RBC, m/µL

3.50 ± 0.76

3.54 ± 0.75

3.43 ± 0.79

 < 0.001

Platelet, K/µL

197.27 ± 110.61

195.23 ± 105.38

201.52 ± 120.64

 < 0.001

RDW, %

15.10 ± 2.32

14.65 ± 2.02

16.06 ± 2.60

 < 0.001

Sodium, mmol/L

138.54 ± 5.42

138.65 ± 4.80

138.30 ± 6.53

 < 0.001

Potassium, mmol/L

4.21 ± 0.75

4.18 ± 0.71

4.28 ± 0.83

 < 0.001

Calcium, mg/dL

8.20 ± 0.89

8.19 ± 0.87

8.20 ± 0.94

0.612

Chloride, mmol/L

104.82 ± 6.87

105.45 ± 6.33

103.50 ± 7.72

 < 0.001

Glucose, mg/dL

147.68 ± 74.76

145.41 ± 71.20

152.39 ± 81.49

 < 0.001

Anion gap, mmol/L

14.83 ± 4.55

14.23 ± 4.25

16.08 ± 4.90

 < 0.001

PT, sec

16.59 ± 8.95

15.82 ± 7.65

18.19 ± 11.01

 < 0.001

PTT, sec

37.42 ± 21.91

36.24 ± 20.87

39.88 ± 23.74

 < 0.001

Urea nitrogen, mg/dL

28.22 ± 23.11

24.39 ± 19.87

36.18 ± 27.02

 < 0.001

Creatinine, mg/dL

1.51 ± 1.57

1.38 ± 1.53

1.76 ± 1.62

 < 0.001

SOFA score

5.95 ± 3.48

5.45 ± 3.15

7.00 ± 3.90

 < 0.001

APS III score

50.02 ± 21.76

45.14 ± 19.13

60.16 ± 23.35

 < 0.001

SAPS II score

40.29 ± 14.00

37.09 ± 12.64

46.94 ± 14.36

 < 0.001

OASIS score

34.15 ± 8.32

32.82 ± 7.80

36.92 ± 8.69

 < 0.001

Heart rate, minute

90.12 ± 21.47

88.80 ± 19.86

92.85 ± 24.25

 < 0.001

SBP, mmHg

119.93 ± 24.48

120.12 ± 24.07

119.55 ± 25.31

0.157

DBP, mmHg

71.17 ± 508.14

72.23 ± 613.32

68.96 ± 114.06

0.688

MBP, mmHg

94.67 ± 1385.60

90.05 ± 1098.35

104.27 ± 1844.83

0.522

Respiratory rate, minute

19.28 ± 6.58

18.63 ± 6.46

20.63 ± 6.64

 < 0.001

SpO2, %

97.64 ± 73.40

97.44 ± 8.92

98.04 ± 128.16

0.609

Temperature, °C

36.72 ± 2.15

36.79 ± 1.92

36.59 ± 2.57

 < 0.001

Bicarbonate, mmol/L

22.52 ± 4.76

22.67 ± 4.36

22.20 ± 5.49

 < 0.001

Input amount, L

5.32 ± 3.73

5.54 ± 3.61

4.88 ± 3.95

 < 0.001

Atrial fibrillation, n (%)

   

 < 0.001

 No

12,049 (67.91)

8481 (70.79)

3568 (61.91)

 

 Yes

5694 (32.09)

3499 (29.21)

2195 (38.09)

 

AKI, n (%)

   

 < 0.001

 No

3330 (18.77)

2634 (21.99)

696 (12.08)

 

 Yes

14,413 (81.23)

9346 (78.01)

5067 (87.92)

 

Hypertension, n (%)

   

 < 0.001

 No

10,138 (57.14)

6543 (54.62)

3595 (62.38)

 

 Yes

7605 (42.86)

5437 (45.38)

2168 (37.62)

 

Type 2 DM, n (%)

   

 < 0.001

 No

12,737 (71.79)

8738 (72.94)

3999 (69.39)

 

 Yes

5006 (28.21)

3242 (27.06)

1764 (30.61)

 

Heart failure, n (%)

   

 < 0.001

 No

12,784 (72.05)

9081 (75.80)

3703 (64.25)

 

 Yes

4959 (27.95)

2899 (24.20)

2060 (35.75)

 

Myocardial infarction, n (%)

   

 < 0.001

 No

16,537 (93.20)

11,301 (94.33)

5236 (90.86)

 

 Yes

1206 (6.80)

679 (5.67)

527 (9.14)

 

Malignant tumors, n (%)

   

 < 0.001

 No

14,839 (83.63)

10,464 (87.35)

4375 (75.92)

 

 Yes

2904 (16.37)

1516 (12.65)

1388 (24.08)

 

Stroke, n (%)

   

 < 0.001

 No

16,128 (90.90)

10,992 (91.75)

5136 (89.12)

 

 Yes

1615 (9.10)

988 (8.25)

627 (10.88)

 

COPD, n (%)

   

 < 0.001

 No

16,404 (92.45)

11,239 (93.81)

5165 (89.62)

 

 Yes

1339 (7.55)

741 (6.19)

598 (10.38)

 

CRRT, n (%)

   

 < 0.001

 No

16,684 (94.03)

11,543 (96.35)

5141 (89.21)

 

 Yes

1059 (5.97)

437 (3.65)

622 (10.79)

 

Ventilation, n (%)

   

 < 0.001

 No

2018 (11.37)

1277 (10.66)

741 (12.86)

 

 Yes

15,725 (88.63)

10,703 (89.34)

5022 (87.14)

 

CKD, n(%)

   

 < 0.001

 No

13,893 (78.30)

9787 (81.69)

4106 (71.25)

 

 Yes

3850 (21.70)

2193 (18.31)

1657 (28.75)

 

Diuretics, n(%)

   

0.013

 No

17,279 (97.38)

11,642 (97.18)

5637 (97.81)

 

 Yes

464 (2.62)

338 (2.82)

126 (2.19)

 
  1. Continuous variables are expressed as mean ± standard deviation, and categorical variables are expressed as number (%).
  2. WBC white blood cell, RBC red blood cell, RDW red blood cell distribution width, PT prothrombin time, PTT partial thromboplastin time, SOFA Sequential Organ Failure Assessment, APS III acute physiology score III, SAPS II simplified acute physiology II, OASIS oxford acute severity of illness score, SBP systolic blood pressure, DBP diastolic blood pressure, MBP mean blood pressure, SpO2 percutaneous arterial oxygen saturation, AKI acute kidney injury, DM diabetes mellitus, COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, CRRT continuous renal replacement therapy, and CKD chronic kidney disease.
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