Fig. 8

Functional protein network analysis of serum factors differentially expressed in neuro-COVID-19 patients. Serum factors significantly altered in patients according to neurological outcomes—isolated refractory headache (H), encephalopathy (E), and inflammatory neurological diseases (IND)—were analyzed using the STRING database, with a high confidence interaction score (0.700). The analysis included Gene Ontology (GO) terms, subcellular localization data from the Compartments database (GOCC identifiers), Reactome pathways (HSA identifiers), and WikiPathways (WP identifiers). Biological functions and processes with significant enrichment (FDR test, p-value < 0.05) are shown. The protein ratio represents the proportion of proteins in the query relative to the total number associated with a given biological process.