Table 2 Participants’ socio-demographic and clinical characteristics at baseline (N = 95).

From: Improving sleep quality of patients undergoing hemodialysis in Iran through receiving spiritual care program: a randomized controlled trial

Participants’ characteristic

Groups

P-value

Experimental

(N = 48)

Control

(N = 47)

Age (year), Mean ± SD

42.62 ± 7.24

41.29 ± 6.04

0.335*

Duration diagnosis (year), Mean ± SD

11.79 ± 5.15

12.95 ± 4.88

0.261*

Gender

 Male

22 (45.8%)

16 (34%)

0.241**

 Female

26 (54.2%)

31 (66%)

Education

 Non-academic

8 (16.7%)

12 (25.5%)

0.289**

 Academic

40 (83.3%)

35 (74/5%)

Economic status

 Low enough

34 (70/8%)

31 (66%)

0.720

 Enough

11 (22.9%)

14 (29.8%)

 More than enough

3 (6.3%)

2 (4.3%)

Family support

 Low

3 (6.3%)

2 (4.3%)

0.659

 Moderate

8 (16.7%)

5 (10.6%)

 High

37 (77.1%)

40 (85.1%)

Religious practice

 Low

2 (4.2%)

4 (8.5%)

0.367

 Moderate

31 (64.6%)

34 (72.3%)

 High

15 (31.3%)

9 (19.1%)

Number of hemodialysis (per week)

 Twice a week

10 (20.8%)

13 (27.7%)

0.437**

 Three times a week

38 (79.2%)

34 (72.3%)

  1. SD standard deviation.
  2. *:P-value derived from independent t-test.
  3. **P-value derived from chi-square test.
  4. P-value derived from Fisher’s Exact Test.