Fig. 1

Growth inhibition assay. Simvastatin was treated in different doses for 72 h in (A) HEC-1 A cells (n = 3), (B) RL95-2 cells (n = 3), (C) EmCaMSC2 (derived from stage IA patient) (n = 3), and (D) EmCaMSC3 (derived from stage IIIC patient) (n = 3). The IC50 of simvastatin in each cell from (A) to (D) was 2.5 µM, 2.8 µM, ~ 50 µM, and ~ 10µM, respectively. Redline indicated 50% of inhibition.