Table 3 Reduced switch 31 level Inverter switching operation and output voltage.

From: Integrated MPPT and bidirectional DC DC converter with reduced switch multilevel inverters for electric vehicles applications

Levels

\({S}_{1}\)

\({S}_{2}\)

\({S}_{3}\)

\({S}_{4}\)

Output voltage

1

1

1

1

1

\({V}_{S1}+{V}_{S2}+{V}_{S3}+{V}_{S4}\)

2

0

1

1

1

\({V}_{S2}+{V}_{S3}+{V}_{S4}\)

3

1

0

1

1

\({V}_{S1}+{V}_{S3}+{V}_{S4}\)

4

0

0

1

1

\({V}_{S3}+{V}_{S4}\)

5

1

1

0

1

\({V}_{S1}+{V}_{S2}+{V}_{S4}\)

6

0

1

0

1

\({V}_{S2}+{V}_{S4}\)

7

1

0

0

1

\({V}_{S1}+{V}_{S4}\)

8

0

0

0

1

\({V}_{S4}\)

9

1

1

1

0

\({V}_{S1}+{V}_{S2}+{V}_{S3}\)

10

0

1

1

0

\({V}_{S2}+{V}_{S3}\)

11

1

0

1

0

\({V}_{S1}+{V}_{S3}\)

12

0

0

1

0

\({V}_{S3}\)

13

1

1

0

0

\({V}_{S1}+{V}_{S2}\)

14

0

1

0

0

\({V}_{S2}\)

15

1

0

0

0

\({V}_{S1}\)

16

0

0

0

0

0

17

1

0

0

0

\({-V}_{S1}\)

18

0

1

0

0

\({-V}_{S2}\)

19

1

1

0

0

\(-({V}_{S1}+{V}_{S2})\)

20

0

0

1

0

\({-V}_{S3}\)

21

1

0

1

0

\({-(V}_{S1}+{V}_{S3})\)

22

0

1

1

0

\(-({V}_{S2}+{V}_{S3})\)

23

1

1

1

0

\(-({V}_{S1}+{V}_{S2}+{V}_{S3})\)

24

0

0

0

1

\({-V}_{S4}\)

25

1

0

0

1

\({-(V}_{S1}+{V}_{S4})\)

26

0

1

0

1

\({-(V}_{S2}+{V}_{S4})\)

27

1

1

0

1

\(-({V}_{S1}+{V}_{S2}+{V}_{S4})\)

28

0

0

1

1

\({-(V}_{S3}+{V}_{S4})\)

29

1

0

1

1

\({-(V}_{S1}+{V}_{S3}+{V}_{S4})\)

30

0

1

1

1

\({-(V}_{S2}+{V}_{S3}+{V}_{S4})\)

31

1

1

1

1

\({-(V}_{S1}+{V}_{S2}+{V}_{S3}+{V}_{S4})\)