Table 3 Subgroup analyses of the association between lumbar BMD(g/cm²) and dietary choline(mg/d).
Subgroup | Adjusted β (95%CI) P-value | P for interaction |
|---|---|---|
Age | 0.4566 | |
< 65 | 0.100 (0.025, 0.176) 0.0139 | |
≥ 65 | 0.056 (-0.031, 0.143) 0.2164 | |
PIR | 0.0026 | |
< 1 | -0.123 (-0.244, -0.002) 0.0540 | |
≥ 1, ≤4 | 0.099 (0.033, 0.164) 0.0057 | |
>4 | 0.121 (0.013, 0.228) 0.0348 | |
Education level | 0.1660 | |
Under high school | -0.053 (-0.234, 0.129) 0.5730 | |
Completed high school | 0.053 (-0.036, 0.141) 0.2519 | |
Above high school | 0.114 (0.044, 0.184) 0.0033 | |
Race | 0.0392 | |
Mexican American | -0.048 (-0.156, 0.059) 0.3844 | |
Other Hispanic | 0.139 (-0.043, 0.321) 0.1443 | |
Non-Hispanic White | 0.110 (0.034, 0.185) 0.0082 | |
Non-Hispanic Black | -0.016 (-0.126, 0.095) 0.7821 | |
Other Race | 0.015 (-0.123, 0.154) 0.8299 | |
Obesity | 0.0149 | |
No | 0.032 (-0.036, 0.100) 0.3632 | |
Yes | 0.146 (0.067, 0.226) 0.0010 | |
Physical activity level | 0.3799 | |
LMVPA (1-599 MET-mins/week) | 0.071 (-0.004, 0.145) 0.0723 | |
MMVPA (600–1199 MET-mins/week) | 0.184 (0.036, 0.331) 0.0205 | |
HMVPA (≥ 1200 MET-mins/week) | 0.070 (-0.023, 0.164) 0.1509 | |
Milk product consumption | 0.6121 | |
Never (0 times/month) | 0.050 (-0.062, 0.163) 0.3852 | |
Rarely (1–6 times/month) | 0.117 (-0.070, 0.304) 0.2300 | |
Sometimes (7–11 times/month) | 0.104 (0.016, 0.193) 0.0283 | |
Often (12–30 times/month) | 0.069 (-0.018, 0.156) 0.1325 | |
Daily (≥ 31 times/month) | -0.215 (-0.631, 0.201) 0.3192 | |
Glucocorticoid | 0.7299 | |
No | 0.078 (0.015, 0.141) 0.0205 | |
Yes | 0.116 (-0.077, 0.310) 0.2479 | |
Family history of osteoporosis, | 0.5738 | |
No | 0.074 (0.016, 0.132) 0.0179 | |
Yes | 0.116 (-0.025, 0.256) 0.1160 | |
Diabetes | 0.2099 | |
No | 0.059 (-0.007, 0.125) 0.0867 | |
Yes | 0.161 (0.023, 0.300) 0.0291 |
