Fig. 1

Population Distribution and CTO Incidence Based on Left Ventricular Mass Index and Relative Wall Thickness in Hypertensive CAD Patients. The density plot depicts the distribution of the population based on left ventricular mass index (LVMI) and relative wall thickness (RWT), with density levels indicated by a color gradient from low (blue) to high (red). Left ventricular geometry is categorized into four patterns: normal, concentric remodeling (CR), concentric hypertrophy (CH), and eccentric hypertrophy (EH), based on LVMI (95 g/m2 for females, 115 g/m2 for males) and RWT (0.42). The corresponding incidence of chronic total occlusion (CTO) for each pattern is indicated on the plot.