Table 1 Characteristics of UK Biobank participants by category of serum gamma-glutamyl trans-peptidase level.

Age, year, mean (SD)

56.30 (8.09)

54.56 (8.31)

56.74 (8.06)

57.07 (7.95)

56.84 (7.79)

< 0.001

Age, n(%)

< 0.001

< 60 years

239,146 (58.0)

68,320 (65.9)

57,410 (55.6)

55,501 (54.1)

57,915 (56.2)

≥ 60 years

173,488 (42.0)

35,303 (34.1)

45,902 (44.4)

47,151 (45.9)

45,132 (43.8)

Sex, n(%)

< 0.001

Female

219,043 (53.1)

83,789 (80.9)

59,529 (57.6)

41,913 (40.8)

33,812 (32.8)

Male

193,591 (46.9)

19,834 (19.1)

43,783 (42.4)

60,739 (59.2)

69,235 (67.2)

BMI, Kg/m²,n(%)

< 0.001

< 25

136,668 (33.1)

54,319 (52.4)

38,208 (37.0)

25,611 (24.9)

18,530 (18.0)

 25-29.9

176,295 (42.7)

37,600 (36.3)

44,710 (43.3)

47,702 (46.5)

46,283 (44.9)

≥ 30

99,671 (24.2)

11,704 (11.3)

20,394 (19.7)

29,339 (28.6)

38,234 (37.1)

Education level, n(%)

< 0.001

College degree

136,595 (33.1)

39,582 (38.2)

35,206 (34.1)

32,481 (31.6)

29,326 (28.5)

Secondary education

185,296 (44.9)

45,898 (44.3)

45,608 (44.1)

46,162 (45.0)

47,628 (46.2)

Some professional qualification

21,367 (5.2)

5069 (4.9)

5477 (5.3)

5362 (5.2)

5459 (5.3)

Primary education or below

69,376 (16.8)

13,074 (12.6)

17,021 (16.5)

18,647 (18.2)

20,634 (20.0)

Townsend deprivation index, n(%)

< 0.001

≤−2.17

206,321 (50.0)

52,925 (51.1)

52,821 (51.1)

51,592 (50.3)

48,983 (47.5)

>−2.17

206,313 (50.0)

50,698 (48.9)

50,491 (48.9)

51,060 (49.7)

54,064 (52.5)

Smoking status, n(%)

< 0.001

Never

227,321 (55.1)

64,993 (62.7)

59,153 (57.3)

54,104 (52.7)

49,071 (47.6)

Previous

142,117 (34.4)

30,585 (29.5)

33,918 (32.8)

37,028 (36.1)

40,586 (39.4)

Current

43,196 (10.5)

8045 (7.8)

10,241 (9.9)

11,520 (11.2)

13,390 (13.0)

Family history of lung cancer, n(%)

No

360,842 (87.4)

91,688 (88.5)

90,648 (87.7)

89,419 (87.1)

89,087 (86.5)

< 0.001

Yes

51,792 (12.6)

11,935 (11.5)

12,664 (12.3)

13,233 (12.9)

13,960 (13.5)

Alcohol intake frequency, n(%)

< 0.001

Daily or almost daily

84,927 (20.6)

14,547 (14.0)

19,215 (18.6)

22,063 (21.5)

29,102 (28.2)

Three or four times a week

96,674 (23.4)

22,428 (21.6)

23,923 (23.2)

24,932 (24.3)

25,391 (24.6)

Once or twice a week

106,805 (25.9)

28,733 (27.7)

27,719 (26.8)

26,479 (25.8)

23,874 (23.2)

One to three times a month

45,837 (11.1)

14,359 (13.9)

12,172 (11.8)

10,603 (10.3)

8703 (8.4)

Special occasions only

46,357 (11.2)

14,226 (13.7)

12,028 (11.6)

10,874 (10.6)

9229 (9.0)

Never

32,034 (7.8)

9330 (9.0)

8255 (8.0)

7701 (7.5)

6748 (6.5)

Liver disease status at the baseline, n(%)

< 0.001

Yes

3596 (0.9)

463 (0.4)

511 (0.5)

757 (0.7)

1865 (1.8)

No

409,038 (99.1)

103,160 (99.6)

102,801 (99.5)

101,895 (99.3)

101,182 (98.2)

Lung cancer, n(%)

3574 (0.9)

552 (0.5)

858 (0.8)

993 (1.0)

1171 (1.1)

< 0.001

 Lymphocyte count,

10^9/L, mean (SD)

1.96 (0.86)

1.88 (0.85)

1.94 (0.90)

1.99 (0.85)

2.02 (0.82)

< 0.001

Neutrophill count,

10^9/L, mean (SD)

4.22 (1.40)

4.02 (1.31)

4.17 (1.37)

4.30 (1.43)

4.38 (1.47)

< 0.001

Platelet count,

10^9/L, mean (SD)

253.03 (59.46)

254.36 (57.28)

253.95 (59.08)

252.56 (59.76)

251.22 (61.61)

< 0.001

NLR,1 unit, mean (SD)

2.34 (1.22)

2.31 (1.08)

2.34 (1.22)

2.36 (1.23)

2.38 (1.33)

< 0.001

PLR,100 unit, mean (SD)

1.41 (0.69)

1.47 (0.86)

1.43 (0.59)

1.39 (0.60)

1.37 (0.67)

< 0.001

SII,100 unit, mean (SD)

5.96 (3.59)

5.90 (3.23)

5.95 (3.57)

5.98 (3.62)

6.00 (3.90)

< 0.001

White blood cell count,

 10^9/L, mean (SD)

6.87 (1.87)

6.54 (1.76)

6.79 (1.86)

7.01 (1.89)

7.14 (1.91)

< 0.001

C-reactive protein,

 10 mg/L, mean (SD)

0.25 (0.42)

0.17 (0.32)

0.23 (0.39)

0.27 (0.43)

0.34 (0.51)

< 0.001

GGT,

 10 U/L, mean (SD)

3.72 (4.15)

1.49 (0.24)

2.22 (0.22)

3.26 (0.41)

7.94 (6.58)

< 0.001