Fig. 22

(a) The two-dimensional RTM imaging results from a fine-scale seismic model, 100 years after the leakage occurred. (b) The RTM results showing the difference between the 100-year monitoring data and the baseline data for Fm. A with leakage. The attenuation effect in region IV of Fm. A appears through (c) the wavenumber spectrum and (d) the spectral ratio. Similarly, the attenuation effect in region II shows through (e) the wavenumber spectrum and (f) the spectral ratio. Regions II and IV from Fig. 18(b) serve as references for the 100th year without leakage (the red curves in Fig. 22), while the black curves represent regions II and IV from Fig. 22(b) under leakage conditions at the 100th year. The blue curves show the baseline condition without \(\hbox {CO}_2\) injection.