Table 1 Information of the columns.

Specimen label	B_o × t_o	B_i × t_i	L/(mm)	λ	χ	f_c/(MPa)	f_yo , f_yi/(MPa)	n	v₀/(m/s)	N_uc/(kN)	N_FE/(kN)	N_FE/N_uc
Specimen label	/(mm × mm)		L/(mm)	λ	χ	f_c/(MPa)	f_yo , f_yi/(MPa)	n	v₀/(m/s)	N_uc/(kN)	N_FE/(kN)	N_FE/N_uc
HSC-1	180 × 3	52 × 3	1800	33.56	0.3	50	350	0.3	7	1773	1781	1.005
HSC-2	180 × 3	87 × 3	1800	31.59	0.5	50	350	0.3	7	1676	1723	1.028
HSC-3	180 × 3	122 × 3	1800	29.12	0.7	50	350	0.3	7	1483	1585	1.069
HSC-4	180 × 3	87 × 3	1200	21.06	0.5	50	350	0.3	7	1781	1814	1.019
HSC-5	180 × 3	87 × 3	2400	42.12	0.5	50	350	0.3	7	1576	1612	1.023
HSC-6	180 × 3	87 × 3	1800	31.59	0.5	50	350	0.1	7	1676	1723	1.028
HSC-7	180 × 3	87 × 3	1800	31.59	0.5	50	350	0.5	7	1676	1723	1.028
HSC-8	180 × 3	87 × 3	1800	31.59	0.5	50	350	0.3	5	1676	1723	1.028
HSC-9	180 × 3	87 × 3	1800	31.59	0.5	50	350	0.3	9	1676	1723	1.028
HSC-10	180 × 3	87 × 3	1800	31.59	0.5	30	350	0.3	7	1331	1409	1.059
HSC-11	180 × 3	87 × 3	1800	31.59	0.5	70	350	0.3	7	2017	2146	1.064
HSC-12	180 × 3	87 × 3	1800	31.59	0.5	50	280	0.3	7	1541	1589	1.031
HSC-13	180 × 3	87 × 3	1800	31.59	0.5	50	420	0.3	7	1810	1851	1.023

B_o and B_i are the side lengths of the outer and inner steel tubes respectively; t_o and t_i are the wall thicknesses of the outer and inner steel tubes respectively; L is the length; f_c is the compressive strength of concrete cubes; f_yo and f_yi are the yield strengths of the outer and inner steel tubes respectively; λ is the slenderness ratio, is the hollow ratio, and n is the compressive state ratio; v₀ is the impact velocity; N_uc is the axial compression bearing capacity obtained from the recommended formula; N_FE is the axial compression bearing capacity obtained from the numerical simulation.

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