Fig. 2

Seismic observations and ray-tracing calculations for Pg and Px waves generated by Event 1 and recorded at selected Formosa Array stations. (a) Locations of Event 1 (circle), the magma reservoir (red area), the Shanchiao Fault (dashed line), and seismic stations (triangles). (b) Vertical seismograms displaying Pg and Px phases. (c) Travel-time fitting between observed and calculated arrivals. (d) Ray-tracing results for both direct Pg waves and Px waves reflected from the roof of the magma reservoir along the NW–SE profile (the O–X axis on Fig. 2a). The focal mechanism is projected onto the vertical profile. (e) A simplified velocity model of the upper crust.