Table 1 Comparison of characteristics between ACLF with HBV- and alcohol-related etiology.

From: Clinical differences between HBV and alcohol related ACLF in a WGO classification multicenter study

Characteristics

ALL (n = 955)

HBV (n = 659)

Alcohol (n = 296)

P value

Age (years)

48.25 ± 12.04

49.57 ± 9.51

0.090

Male sex, n(%)

511 (77.54%)

286 (96.62%)

< 0.001***

WGO type, n(%)

 A

122 (18.51%)

20 (6.75%)

< 0.001***

 B

221 (33.54%)

71 (23.99%)

0.003**

 C

316 (47.95%)

205 (69.26%)

< 0.001***

Precipitating events, n (%)

 HBV reactivation

106 (16.08%)

0 (0.00%)

< 0.001***

 Active alcohol consumption

1 (0.15%)

28 (9.46%)

< 0.001***

 Drugs or Poisons

2 (0.30%)

4 (1.35%)

0.078

 Bacterial Infection

96 (14.57%)

71 (23.99%)

0.001**

 Gastrointestinal

h aemorrhage

19 (2.88%)

10 (3.38%)

0.686

 Others

143 (21.70%)

22 (7.43%)

< 0.001***

 No precipitating events

101 (15.33%)

26 (8.78%)

0.005**

 Two or more precipitating events

191 (28.98%)

135 (45.61%)

< 0.001***

Laboratory parameters

 WBC (*109/L)

6.35 (4.49, 8.84)

8.88 (5.87, 13.12)

< 0.001***

 N%

71.30 (62.10, 79.05)

78.80 (71.15, 85.95)

< 0.001***

 Hb (g/L)

124.30 (111.00, 139.00)

97.00 (81.00, 114.00)

< 0.001***

 PLT (*109/L)

85.00 (55.00, 121.50)

82.00 (51.50, 133.00)

0.975

 Alb (g/L)

29.60 (26.00, 32.80)

26.55 (23.53, 29.65)

< 0.001***

 ALT (U/L)

210.00 (83.00, 636.25)

39.00 (23.00, 62.70)

< 0.001***

 AST (U/L)

191.10 (95.00, 441.00)

80.00 (47.50, 145.50)

< 0.001***

 r-GT (U/L)

79.00 (47.20, 129.00)

103.10 (42.00, 282.00)

< 0.001***

 TBil (mg/dL)

14.83 (9.77, 21.61)

13.69 (8.80, 20.72)

0.080

 INR

2.16 (1.83, 2.64)

2.10 (1.80, 2.60)

0.364

 Cr (mg/dL)

0.79 (0.62, 1.03)

0.86 (0.62, 1.36)

0.005**

 Na (mmol/L)

135.00 (131.70, 137.90)

132.15 (127.40, 135.67)

< 0.001***

Clinical parameters, n (%)

 Ascites

499 (75.72%)

257 (86.82%)

0.001**

 Gastrointestinal haemorrhage

35 (5.31%)

74 (25.00%)

< 0.001***

 Bacterial infection

370 (56.15%)

217 (73.31%)

< 0.001***

 Hepatic encephalopathy

126 (19.12%)

82 (27.70%)

0.004**

Types of extra-hepatic organ failure, n (%)

 Coagulation

219 (33.23%)

89 (30.07%)

0.369

 Kidney

28 (4.25%)

46 (15.54%)

< 0.001***

 Cerebral

41 (6.22%)

36 (12.16%)

0.003**

 Respiratory

34 (5.16%)

28 (9.46%)

0.016*

 Circulation

30 (4.55%)

22 (7.43%)

0.089

Number of extra-hepatic organ failure, n (%)

 0

383 (58.12%)

157 (53.04%)

0.158

 1

204 (30.96%)

74 (25.00%)

0.065

 ≥ 2

72 (10.93%)

65 (21.96%)

< 0.001***

Severity scores

 MELD score

23.46 (19.76, 27.06)

17.52 (12.86, 22.31)

< 0.001***

 MELD-Na score

25.42 (20.64, 31.94)

23.03 (16.15, 33.64)

< 0.001***

 CLIF-C ACLF score

40.56 (35.53, 46.56)

44.33 (39.33, 50.92)

< 0.001***

 COSSH-ACLF II score

4.99 (3.84, 6.09)

6.10 (5.10, 6.99)

< 0.001***

Mortality, n (%)

 28-day

154 (23.37%)

80 (27.03%)

0.224

 90-day

234 (35.51%)

116 (39.19%)

0.277

  1. Categorical variables presented as frequency (%), non-normal continuous variables as median (interquartile range) and normal continuous variables as mean ± standard deviation. ACLF, acute-on-chronic liver failure; HBV, hepatitis B virus; WBC, white blood cell; N%, percentage of neutrophils; Hb, hemoglobin; PLT, platelets; Alb, serum albumin; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; γ-GT, γ-glutamyl transferase; TBil, total bilirubin; INR, international normalized ratio; Cr, creatinine; Na, sodium; MELD, Model for End Stage Liver Disease; MELD-Na, MELD-sodium; CLIF-C ACLF, Chronic Liver Failure-Consortium ACLF; COSSH-ACLF II, Chinese Group on the Study of Severe Hepatitis B-ACLF II. P value for comparisons between ACLF with HBV- and alcohol-related etiology. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001.
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