Table 4 Control variables of single objective functions for IEEE 30-bus test system using ARO.

From: Generic optimal power flow solution associated with technical improvements and emission reduction by multi-objective ARO algorithm

VARs

Min.

Max.

Case 1

Case 2

Case 3

Case 4

Case 5

PG1 (MW)

50

200

177.31

131.083

117.666

52.829

63.920

PG2 (MW)

20

80

48.700

73.283

62.565

78.786

67.571

PG5 (MW)

15

50

21.059

23.551

33.684

49.981

49.996

PG8 (MW)

10

35

20.972

24.503

31.914

34.919

34.987

PG11 (MW)

10

30

11.943

25.411

22.742

29.858

29.998

PG13 (MW)

12

40

12.025

14.084

20.599

39.908

39.996

V1 (p.u.)

0.95

1.1

1.100

0.995

1.100

1.100

1.100

V2 (p.u.)

1.087

1.000

1.097

1.096

1.092

V5 (p.u.)

1.059

1.018

1.100

1.076

1.076

V8 (p.u.)

1.067

1.007

1.100

1.086

1.076

V11 (p.u.)

1.099

1.012

1.099

1.092

1.079

V13 (p.u.)

1.100

1.046

1.098

1.099

1.089

QC10 (Mvar)

0

5

4.637

4.592

4.966

4.112

2.526

QC12 (Mvar)

4.976

3.170

4.453

4.409

1.036

QC15 (Mvar)

3.929

4.811

4.733

4.632

4.494

QC17 (Mvar)

4.838

1.770

4.778

4.757

4.160

QC20 (Mvar)

4.133

4.726

4.788

2.112

4.580

QC21 (Mvar)

4.814

4.121

4.716

3.917

2.228

QC23 (Mvar)

3.396

4.894

4.867

4.530

3.174

QC24 (Mvar)

4.985

4.817

4.983

3.894

3.626

QC29 (Mvar)

2.506

1.892

4.927

2.941

1.949

T6-9

0.9

1.1

1.020

1.028

0.903

0.984

1.014

T6-10

0.924

0.903

0.905

0.955

0.966

T4-12

0.987

1.049

0.901

0.983

1.029

T28-27

0.963

0.961

0.900

0.969

0.990