Fig. 1

Flowchart of sample inclusion and classification in the Recent human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection study among newly diagnosed HIV cases in South Korea during 2016–2023. Of the 15,735 HIV-positive specimens collected, 7704 were excluded due to duplication, prior HIV confirmation, or anonymous testing, leaving 8031 specimens for recency testing. Among those classified as recent infections, 80 specimens were removed based on the RITA to eliminate false recent results, and 406 specimens were excluded due to missing epidemiological data. Consequently, the final analysis included 7545 specimens. AIDS Acquired immune deficiency syndrome, RITA Recent infection testing algorithm.