Table 2 Results of univariable and multivariable analyses to identify risk factors associated with recent human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections in Korea in 2016–2023.

From: Recent HIV infections and associated risk factors among newly diagnosed individuals in South Korea (2016–2023)

Category

Recent HIV infection

Univariable model

Multivariable model

N (%) *

cOR† (95% CI)

P-value

aOR‡ (95% CI)

P-value

Total

1968 (26.1)

    

Sex

0.031

Male

1861 (26.9)

1.79 (1.44–2.22)

 < 0.001

1.29 (1.02–1.63)

0.034

Female

107 (17.1)

1

 

1

 

Age§ (years)

 < 0.001

 < 20 (16–19)

27 (50.9)

6.55 (3.63–11.82)

 < 0.001

5.49 (2.96–10.18)

 < 0.001

20 s (20–29)

899 (38.6)

3.96 (3.07–5.11)

 < 0.001

4.16 (3.15–5.48)

 < 0.001

30 s (30–39)

613 (25.3)

2.14 (1.65–2.77)

 < 0.001

2.32 (1.77–3.05)

 < 0.001

40 s (40–49)

223 (17.4)

1.33 (1.01–1.76)

0.045

1.45 (1.19–1.94)

0.011

50 s (50–59)

129 (14.4)

1.06 (0.78–1.44)

0.700

1.10 (0.81–1.50)

0.538

 ≥ 60

77 (13.7)

1

 

1

 

Nationality

 < 0.001

Korean nationals

1701 (27.3)

1

 

1

 

Foreign nationals

267 (20.3)

0.68 (0.58–0.78)

 < 0.001

0.75(0.63–0.88)

 < 0.001

Region (residency)

 

Metropolitan

1143 (27.0)

1

 

–

 

Small city/rural area

825 (24.9)

0.9 (0.81–0.99)

0.038

–

 

Transmission mode

MSM

853 (30.2)

1

 

–

 

Heterosexual contact

637 (25.2)

0.78 (0.69–0.88)

 < 0.001

–

 

Others

61 (22.9)

0.69 (0.51–0.92)

0.013

–

 

Not known

373 (21.0)

0.61 (0.53–0.70)

 < 0.001

–

 

No-response

44 (29.3)

0.96 (0.67–1.37)

0.814

–

 

Marital status

    

0.008

Single/Not married

1589 (28.5)

1.63 (1.41–1.89)

 < 0.001

0.81 (0.68–0.97)

0.022

Etc./Not recorded

130 (18.8)

0.95 (0.75–1.20)

0.682

0.68 (0.52–0.87)

0.003

Married/Cohabiting

249 (19.6)

1

 

1

 

Testing institute

 

Hospital/clinic

1196 (23.7)

1

   

Blood donation center

177 (44.8)

2.62 (2.13–3.23)

 < 0.001

–

 

Public health center

553 (28.3)

1.27 (1.13–1.43)

 < 0.001

–

 

Military manpower

administration

36 (29.5)

1.35 (0.91–2.00)

0.136

–

 

Correctional facility

6 (26.1)

1.14 (0.45–2.89)

0.786

–

 

Testing purpose (combined)

 < 0.001

Health checkups

109 (18.4)

1

 

1

 

Voluntary testing

490 (29.8)

1.88 (1.49–2.37)

 < 0.001

1.49 (1.17–1.90)

0.001

Outpatient visits

869 (26.5)

1.59 (1.27–1.99)

 < 0.001

1.65 (1.31–2.07)

 < 0.001

Preoperative testing

189 (17.8)

0.96 (0.74–1.24)

0.743

1.06 (0.81–1.38)

0.678

Blood donation

165 (45.8)

3.74 (2.79–5.02)

 < 0.001

2.33 (1.72–3.16)

 < 0.001

Military manpower

administration screening

42 (28.6)

1.77 (1.17–2.68)

0.007

0.91 (0.60–1.39)

0.666

Others

104 (22.8)

1.31 (0.97–1.77)

0.082

1.52 (1.11–2.08)

0.009

Occupation

     

No response

1798 (25.9)

1

 

1

 

Service worker

99 (28.8)

1.16 (0.91–1.47)

0.235

1.12 (0.87–1.43)

0.372

Production worker

10 (15.4)

0.52 (0.26–1.02)

0.058

0.56 (0.28–1.12)

0.103

Student

37 (51.4)

3.02 (1.9–4.82)

 < 0.001

1.63 (1.01–2.63)

0.046

Others

24 (19.7)

0.70 (0.45–1.10)

0.121

0.69 (0.43–1.11)

0.124

  1. *Proportion of recent HIV infections among specimens tested with the recency assay.
  2. †cOR: Crude odds ratio.
  3. ‡aOR: Adjusted odds ratio (adjusted for sex, age, nationality, marital status, HIV testing purpose, and occupation).
  4. §Median age (interquartile range, Q1–Q3) of individuals with recent HIV infection: 30 (26–37) years.
  5. CI Confidence interval, MSM Men who have sex with men.
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