Table 5 Refinement of model hyperparameters.

From: AI-driven smart agriculture using hybrid transformer-CNN for real time disease detection in sustainable farming

Hyperparameter

Value

Description

Iterations

50

Total training cycles

Batch size

32

Images per batch

Optimizer

AdamW

Optimizes loss function

Scheduler

CyclicLR

Adjusts learning rate

Loss function

Smoothed cross-entropy function

Calculates prediction error