Fig. 1

Study area map showing sampling points in Amurum Forest Reserve and surrounding areas. The map was created using QGIS (Version 3.28.3, https://qgis.org) and the basemap was sourced from Google Satellite via XYZ Tiles in QGIS and added as a QGIS map layer. Sampling sites were selected based on the observation of abundance of African Thrushes and Palearctic migrant species. The points in Sabon Gari were areas with open lands mixed with farmlands and interspersed with thickets, typical of where to find some Palearctic migrant species, e.g., Common Whitethroat (Curruca communis), Common Nightingale (Luscinia megarhynchos) and Whinchat (Saxicola rubetra). The other points included areas close to gallery forests and pools of water (especially in the dry season), thickets and covers, wooded lands and settlements, typical of where to find African Thrush in abundance. Keys: 1 = Eastern Gully 1, 2 = Eastern gully 2, 3 = Kerker 1, 4 = Kerker 2, 5 = Gidan Babawo 1, 6 = Gidan Babawo 2, 7 = Zarazon, 8 = Pythons’ gully, 9 = Zainab’s gully, 10 = Laminga village, 11 = Sabon Gari village 1, 12 = Sabon Gari village 2.