Table 1 Comparison of conventional echocardiographic parameters, GLS, and MW parameters between the INOCA group and the control group.

From: Adenosine stress myocardial perfusion imaging and myocardial work in evaluating INOCA

Item

INOCA group (n = 62)

Control group (n = 48)

P-value

Gender (Male/female)

26/36

22/26

0.684

Age (year, x ± s)

60.7 ± 10.6

56.4 ± 14.6

0.089

Heart rate (/bpm)

79.0 (73.0, 88.3)

82.5 (75.0, 88.8)

0.631

weight (kg)

68 (61.8, 77.0)

70.5 (65.0, 79.5)

0.146

height (cm)

166 (160.0, 172.0)

166 (158.3, 170.0)

0.383

Body surface area (m2)

1.76 (1.66, 1.86)

1.77 (1.67, 1.90)

0.389

Systolic blood pressure (rest)

135.2 ± 14.9

129.5 ± 20.0

0.09

Systolic blood pressure (stress)

155.7 ± 15.3

150.8 ± 20.9

0.172

Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)

81.0 (71.0, 87.0)

74.5 (70, 84.8)

0.196

LAD (mm)

35.5 (33.0, 37.3)

35.0 (33.0, 37.0)

0.849

LVIDd (mm)

47.0 (43.0, 50.0)

46.5 (44.0, 49.0)

0.995

LVEDV (ml)

90.0 (75.0, 92.0)

89.0 (76.0, 92.0)

0.894

LVIDs (mm)

32.0 (29.0, 34.3)

32.0 (30.0, 33.8)

0.993

LVESV (ml)

45.0 (42.0, 48.0)

45.0 (40.0, 52.0)

0.894

LVEF (%)

60.0 (58.0, 62.0)

61.0 (59.0, 62.0)

0.762

E peek (cm/s)

72.0 (63.0, 84.0)

76.5 (67.0, 85.8)

0.379

A peak (cm/s)

87.6 ± 19.7

82.3 ± 23.6

0.211

E/A

0.78 (0.66, 1.04)

0.81 (0.69, 1.38)

0.257

e (cm/s)

9 (6.0, 9.0)

8.0 (7.0, 9.8)

0.060

EDT (ms)

232.0 (198.0, 245.0)

229.0 (214.3, 245.0)

0.461

E/e

10.2 (7.6, 12.3)

9.8 (8.2, 11.3)

0.494

GLS (%)

− 17.0 (− 19.0, − 12, 8)

− 16.0 (− 18.8, − 14.0)

0.498

GWI (mmHg%)

1691.5 ± 477.4

1606.2 ± 432.9

0.336

GCW (mmHg%)

1912.1 ± 526.5

1850.2 ± 448.2

0.516

GWW (mmHg%)

78.0 (46.0, 115.3)

61.0 (38.5, 93.5)

0.081

GWE (%)

95.0 (92.8, 97.0)

97.0 (92.0, 97.0)

0.055

  1. INOCA refers to ischemia with non-obstructive coronary artery disease, LAD refers to left atrial diameter, LVIDd refers to left ventricular end-diastolic diameter, LVEDV refers to left ventricular end-diastolic volume, LVIDs refers to left ventricular end-systolic diameter, LVESV refers to left ventricular end-systolic volume, LVEF refers to left ventricular ejection fraction, E peak refers to the peak mitral valve velocity in early diastole, peak A refers to the peak flow velocity of the late diastolic mitral valve, E/A refers to the ratio of peak blood flow velocity between early diastole and late diastole, EDT refers to the peak deceleration time of E, e refers to the average peak velocity of the mitral annular septum and early diastolic of the lateral wall, E/e refers to the ratio of peak flow velocity of the mitral valve orifice in early diastole and early mitral annular motion velocity in early diastole, GLS refers to the overall longitudinal strain, GWI: Global Work Index; GCW: Global Constructive Work; GWW: Global Wasted Work; GWE: Global Work Efficiency.
  2. *P < 0.05; 1 mmHg = 0.133 kPa.