Table 2 MIMO/diversity antenna performance compared to the existing antennas with fractal-based radiators.
From: A common grounded ultra-wideband diversity/MIMO antenna with high inter-element isolation
References | Year | Type of Fractal | No. of Ports | Size (λ0 × λ0) | Size/ Ports (mm2) | Bandwidth (GHz) | Isolation (dB) | Isolation Enhancement Technique | Peak Gain (dB) | Efficiency (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2022 | Fractal circular ring radiator | 4 | 1.139λ0 × 1.139λ0 | 2025 | 2.77−12 (124.98%) | >15 | Self-decoupled | 5 | NM | |
2018 | Self-similar | 2 | 0.304λ0 × 0.405λ0 | 384 | 3.1−12.5 (120.51%) | >16 | T-shaped stub with a vertical slot | 4 | NM | |
2023 | Fractal-loaded circular radiator | 2 | 0.912λ0 × 0.912λ0 | 2592 | 3.3−6 (58.064%) | >15 | T-shaped stub | 4.9 | >95 | |
2018 | Koch | 2 | 0.316λ0 × 0.507λ0 | 500 | 3.2−10.8 (108.57%) | >35 | L-shaped stub | NM | NM | |
2019 | Molecule-shape | 4 | 0.507λ0 × 0.507λ0 | 400 | 2.4−10.6 (126.15%) | >20 | Self-decoupled | NM | NM | |
2020 | Modified Sierpinski carpet | 2 | 0.304λ0 × 0.38λ0 | 360 | 3−13.5 (127.27%) | >16.3 | Funnel-like stub with a vertical slot | 4.8 | NM | |
2023 | Koch | 4 | 1.139λ0 × 1.139λ0 | 2025 | 5.7−6.3 (10%) | >30 | Metamaterial | NM | NM | |
2024 | Circular ring | 4 | 0.696λ0 × 0.696λ0 | 756.25 | 3.15−20 (145.57%) | >15 | Self-decoupled | 6.13 | >85 | |
This Work | --- | Modified Koch | 2 | 0.354λ0 × 0.734λ0 | 812 | 3.24−14.39 (126.48%) | >20 | Meander line | 6.1 | >86 |
