Fig. 3

Validation of the prognostic model and association between risk score and clinical characteristics. (A) Survival status of high- and low-risk patients across TCGA-PAAD, GSE183795, GSE28735, GSE62452, and ICGC cohorts. (B) Kaplan-Meier survival curves comparing high- and low-risk groups in the five cohorts. (C) PCA illustrating the distribution of high- and low-risk patients across the five cohorts. (D) Violin plots showing the distribution of risk scores between alive and dead patients in the five cohorts. (E-H) Violin plots comparing risk scores across different clinical subgroups in the TCGA-PAAD cohort: T (E), N (F), M (G), and Stage (H).