Table 7 Binding pockets and functional outcomes of Phytochemical-Protein Interactions.
From: Physiological and molecular responses of house fly (Musca domestica L.) to clove flower bud extracts
Target protein | Binding pocket characteristics | Eugenol | 3-Allyl-6-methoxyphenol | Caryophyllene | Phenol, 2-methoxy-4-(2-propenyl) | 3-Allyl-6-methoxyphenyl acetate | Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cytochrome P450 | Hydrophobic cleft with heme coordination | Blocks catalytic site (potential inhibitor) | Moderate inhibition | Strong hydrophobic interference | Competitive inhibition | Weak binding, minimal effect | Steric hindrance, substrate exclusion |
Ecdysone 20-monooxygenase isoform X1 | Steroid-binding hydrophobic pocket | Disrupts substrate binding | Partial inhibition | Strong allosteric modulation | Competitive inhibition | Weak binding, no effect | Competitive inhibition |
Muscle calcium channel subunit alpha-1 | Voltage-sensing domain (hydrophobic) | Weak allosteric modulation | Channel blocking | Strong allosteric inhibition | Stabilizes inactive state | Minimal modulation | Blocks ion conduction |
Odorant binding protein 2 | Aromatic/hydrophobic ligand-binding site | Competitive binding (odor masking) | Weak displacement of native ligands | Irreversible binding (odor suppression) | Competitive binding | No significant effect | Strong competitive binding |
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta | Extracellular ligand-binding domain | Weak antagonism | Minimal modulation | Allosteric inhibition | Weak binding | No effect | Weak antagonism |
Vitellogenin domain-containing protein | Lipid-binding pocket | Disrupts protein-lipid interactions | Weak binding | Strong lipid displacement | Alters structural stability | No significant effect | Competes with endogenous lipids |
Gustatory receptor | Bitter-taste receptor pocket (hydrophobic) | Taste modulation | Partial agonist | Strong antagonism (taste suppression) | Competitive binding | Weak interaction | Irreversible binding |
