Table 4 Logistic regression analysis in the baseline population.

Model 1 

 Sex

1.586

1.068–2.356

0.022*

1.848

0.95–3.595

0.070

 Age

1.030

1.001–1.060

0.039*

0.970

0.936–1.006

0.105

 Years of schooling

0.931

0.862–1.006

0.072

0.980

0.898–1.070

0.651

 Living alone

0.563

0.390–0.812

0.002*

1.554

1.025–2.355

0.038*

 Drinking frequency

1.049

0.991–1.111

0.098

0.990

0.919–1.066

0.783

 Smoking

0.841

0.606–1.168

0.302

1.227

0.760–1.981

0.403

 Sleep duration

1.091

0.860–1.384

0.472

1.001

0.777–1.290

0.993

 Energy intake

1.000

1.000–1.000

0.664

1.000

1.000–1.000

0.795

 Diabetes mellitus

1.044

0.808–1.350

0.740

1.102

0.842–1.443

0.479

 Cancer

0.975

0.634–1.501

0.909

1.049

0.664–1.655

0.839

 Sarcopenia

2.748

1.990–3.793

< 0.001*

2.827

1.959–4.080

< 0.001*

 Tongue pressure

0.965

0.948–0.983

< 0.001*

0.972

0.953–0.992

0.006*

Model 2

 Sex

1.586

1.068–2.356

0.022*

1.877

0.960–3.670

0.066

 Age

1.030

1.001–1.060

0.039*

0.975

0.941–1.011

0.174

 Years of schooling

0.931

0.862–1.006

0.072

0.974

0.892–1.063

0.549

 Living alone

0.563

0.390–0.812

0.002*

1.541

1.017–2.336

0.041*

 Drinking frequency

1.049

0.991–1.111

0.098

0.992

0.921–1.068

0.827

 Smoking

0.841

0.606–1.168

0.302

1.236

0.764–2.001

0.388

 Sleep duration

1.091

0.860–1.384

0.472

1.014

0.788–1.305

0.913

 Energy intake

1.000

1.000–1.000

0.664

1.000

1.000–1.000

0.815

 Diabetes mellitus

1.044

0.808–1.350

0.740

1.098

0.839–1.435

0.497

 Cancer

0.975

0.634–1.501

0.909

1.043

0.660–1.648

0.856

 Sarcopenia

2.748

1.990–3.793

< 0.001*

2.802

1.942–4.042

< 0.001*

 Diagnosis of low tongue pressure

1.818

1.263–2.617

0.001*

1.555

1.050–2.302

0.027*