Fig. 3

Relationship between two independent predictor variables and the body condition indices (scaled body mass) of Veeries returning to a Delaware and Pennsylvania, USA, breeding site over a 23-year period (2000–2023): (a) relationship between the Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) and adult (after-second year; ASY) body condition (n = 359); (b) relationship between September Accumulated Cyclone Energy (ACE) and adult female body condition (n = 99); (c) relationship between September ACE and second-year (SY) female body condition (n = 41). Shaded area represents 85% confidence interval boundaries. SOI values are the mean value from the 12-month period prior to capture, and ACE values are from the western Atlantic Basin during the period of southward passage preceding capture (August to November; see text).