Table 2 EQ-5D-5L problems at 90 days post-discharge by ICU variables, background data, and current health State.

From: Factors affecting health-related quality of life in ICU survivors

 

Mobility

Self-care

Usual activity

None

(n = 89)

Moderate

(n = 87)

Severe

(n = 13)

P

None

(n = 114)

Moderate

(n = 66)

Severe

(n = 9)

P

None

(n = 79)

Moderate

(n = 95)

Severe

(n = 15)

P

Male

56 (62.9)

50 (57.5)

6 (46.2)

0.464

75 (65.8)

34 (51.5)

3 (33.3)

0.046

48 (60.8)

57 (50.0)

7 (46.7)

0.583

Age

58.0 (48.0–69.0)

65.0 (59.5–74.0)

64.0 (61.0–79.0)

0.002

59.5 (47.0–69.0)

66.0 (61.0–77.0)

72.0 (61.0–79.0)

< 0.001

59.0 (45.5–69.0)

63.0 (57.0–74.0)

64.0 (61.0–79.0)

0.005

Living alone

10 (11.2)

18 (20.7)

4 (30.8)

0.096

18 (15.8)

10 (15.2)

4 (44.4)

0.078

12 (15.2)

16 (16.8)

4 (26.7)

0.554

Employed

36 (40.4)

25 (28.7)

2 (15.4)

0.204

48 (42.1)

15 (22.7)

0 (0.0)

0.048

32 (40.5)

30 (31.6)

1 (6.7)

0.334

Middle school or below

17 (19.1)

32 (36.8)

6 (46.2)

0.013

27 (23.7)

23 (34.8)

5 (55.6)

0.057

19 (24.1)

28 (29.5)

8 (53.3)

0.072

BMI

24.4 (22.1–28.1)

22.2 (19.8–25.3)

21.7 (20.8–26.5)

0.005

24.2 (21.3–27.4)

22.3 (19.8–25.2)

21.1 (18.5–21.9)

0.010

24.4 (22.0–28.3)

22.5 (20.3–25.5)

21.2 (19.7–23.7)

0.003

ICU LOS

5.0 (3.0–8.0)

8.0 (4.0–14.5)

13.0 (8.0–22.0)

< 0.001

5.0 (3.0–9.0)

9.0 (5.0–18.0)

13.0 (8.0–19.0)

< 0.001

5.0 (3.0–10.0)

7.0 (4.0–13.0)

12.0 (8.0–20.0)

0.002

Opioid use in ICU

41 (46.1)

56 (64.4)

11 (84.6)

0.006

59 (51.8)

40 (60.6)

9 (100.0)

0.015

43 (54.4)

51 (53.7)

14 (93.3)

0.013

Sedative use in ICU

33 (37.1)

39 (44.8)

8 (61.5)

0.203

48 (42.1)

26 (39.4)

6 (66.7)

0.298

32 (40.5)

37 (38.9)

11 (73.3)

0.040

Vasopressor use in ICU

55 (61.8)

59 (67.8)

10 (76.9)

0.473

71 (62.3)

46 (69.7)

7 (77.8)

0.441

46 (58.2)

67 (70.5)

11 (73.3)

0.190

SAPS III

58.4 ± 14.0

61.3 ± 17.0

75.2 ± 15.6

0.002

58.4 ± 14.4

62.6 ± 16.9

78.3 ± 17.4

0.001

60.5 ± 14.1

58.8 ± 16.7

75.6 ± 14.4

0.001

SOFA

5.0 (3.0–8.0)

6.0 (3.0–10.0)

9.0 (5.0–11.0)

0.013

6.0 (3.0–9.0)

5.5 (4.0–11.0)

10.0 (7.0–11.0)

0.040

6.0 (3.0–9.0)

5.0 (3.0–10.0)

9.0 (6.0–11.5)

0.100

CCI

3.0 (2.0–6.0)

4.0 (3.0–6.0)

4.0 (3.0–5.0)

0.010

3.5 (2.0–6.0)

5.0 (3.0–6.0)

5.0 (4.0–8.0)

0.007

4.0 (2.0–6.0)

4.0 (3.0–6.0)

5.0 (3.5–6.0)

0.045

CFS

4.0 (2.0–7.0)

5.0 (3.0–7.0)

8.0 (7.0–8.0)

0.001

4.0 (2.0–7.0)

5.0 (3.0–8.0)

8.0 (7.0–8.0)

< 0.001

5.0 (2.0–7.0)

4.0 (3.0–6.5)

8.0 (7.0–8.0)

< 0.001

Ventilator

37 (41.6)

49 (56.3)

10 (76.9)

0.022

53 (46.5)

35 (53.0)

8 (88.9)

0.045

38 (48.1)

45 (47.4)

13 (86.7)

0.015

RRT

17 (19.1)

19 (21.8)

3 (23.1)

0.882

23 (20.2)

14 (21.2)

2 (22.2)

0.979

17 (21.5)

17 (17.9)

5 (33.3)

0.377

Delirium

18 (20.2)

19 (21.8)

4 (30.8)

0.689

21 (18.4)

18 (27.3)

2 (22.2)

0.381

18 (22.8)

19 (20.0)

4 (26.7)

0.805

VAS

3.0 (0.0–7.0)

2.0 (0.0–6.0)

3.0 (1.0–5.0)

0.851

2.0 (0.0–7.0)

2.0 (0.0–5.0)

5.0 (1.0–7.0)

0.729

2.0 (0.0–6.0)

2.0 (0.0–6.0)

3.0 (1.0–6.5)

0.698

HADS, Day 1

11.0 (5.0–17.0)

14.0 (9.0–20.0)

13.0 (9.0–15.0)

0.020

13.0 (6.0–18.0)

13.0 (8.0–22.0)

13.0 (9.0–22.0)

0.207

12.0 (5.0–17.0)

14.0 (8.0–20.5)

13.0 (8.0–23.0)

0.024

 

Pain

Anxiety/depression

    

None

(n = 56)

Moderate

(n = 126)

Severe

(n = 7)

P

None

(n = 105)

Moderate

(n = 80)

Severe

(n = 4)

P

    

Male

37 (66.1)

72 (57.1)

3 (42.9)

0.352

64 (61.0)

46 (57.5)

2 (50.0)

0.831

    

Age

63.5 (48.0–69.0)

63.0 (54.0–73.0)

64.0 (62.0–66.0)

0.370

62.0 (49.0–69.0)

63.0 (57.0–75.0)

65.5 (47.5–74.5)

0.184

    

Living alone

9 (15.1)

22 (17.5)

1 (14.3)

0.956

15 (14.3)

17 (21.2)

0 (0.0)

0.301

    

Employed

22 (39.3)

38 (30.2)

3 (42.9)

0.097

38 (36.2)

24 (30.0)

1 (25.0)

0.499

    

Middle school or below

13 (23.2)

40 (31.7)

2 (28.6)

0.504

34 (32.4)

18 (22.5)

3 (75.0)

0.042

    

BMI

24.3 (21.2–28.2)

22.6 (20.8–26.5)

21.8 (21.3–24.2)

0.202

24.3 (21.6–27.2)

22.0 (19.4–25.2)

20.7 (17.8–25.0)

0.002

    

ICU LOS

4.5 (3.0–9.5)

7.0 (4.0–13.0)

10.0 (8.5–16.5)

0.013

6.0 (4.0–11.0)

6.0 (4.0–13.0)

9.0 (7.5–11.0)

0.591

    

Opioid use in ICU

28 (50.0)

75 (59.5)

5 (71.4)

0.360

60 (57.1)

45 (56.2)

3 (75.0)

0.761

    

Sedative use in ICU

23 (41.1)

52 (41.3)

5 (71.4)

0.283

43 (41.0)

34 (42.5)

3 (75.0)

0.400

    

Vasopressor use in ICU

34 (60.7)

85 (67.5)

5 (71.4)

0.640

61 (58.1)

59 (73.8)

4 (100.0)

0.029

    

SAPS III

61.0 ± 16.5

60.3 ± 15.3

69.1 ± 23.6

0.369

60.1 ± 14.1

60.3 ± 18.2

68.5 ± 19.3

0.601

    

SOFA

7.0 (4.0–10.0)

5.5 (3.0–9.0)

7.0 (3.0–11.0)

0.648

6.0 (3.0–9.0)

5.0 (3.0–9.6)

9.5 (5.0–12.5)

0.499

    

CCI

4.0 (2.0–6.0)

4.0 (2.0–6.0)

4.0 (4.0–5.5)

0.663

4.0 (2.0–6.0)

4.0 (2.5–6.0)

5.0 (3.5–7.0)

0.486

    

CFS

4.0 (2.0–7.0)

5.0 (3.0–7.0)

8.0 (4.0–8.0)

0.226

4.0 (3.0–7.0)

5.5 (3.5–8.0)

4.0 (2.5–6.5)

0.049

    

Ventilator

28 (50.0)

63 (50.0)

5 (71.4)

0.538

56 (53.3)

36 (45.0)

4 (100.0)

0.074

    

RRT

13 (23.2)

25 (19.8)

1 (14.3)

0.799

22 (21.0)

16 (20.0)

1 (25.0)

0.964

    

Delirium

14 (25.0)

25 (19.8)

2 (28.6)

0.667

23 (21.9)

16 (20.0)

2 (50.0)

0.363

    

VAS

2.0 (0.0–5.5)

3.0 (1.0–6.0)

5.0 (1.0–6.5)

0.308

3.0 (0.0–6.0)

2.0 (0.0–6.0)

4.5 (1.5–7.0)

0.854

    

HADS, Day 1

8.5 (4.0–15.5)

14.0 (8.0–19.0)

17.0 (12.0–22.0)

< 0.001

11.0 (5.0–17.0)

14.5 (9.0–21.5)

19.5 (9.0–26.5)

0.002

    
  1. Data are presented as number (percentage) or median (interquartile range). EQ-5D-5L, five-level version of EuroQoL 5-dimension. BMI body mass index, ICU intensive care unit, LOS length of stay, SAPS simplified acute physiology score, SOFA sequential organ failure assessment, CCI  Charlson comorbidity index, CFS clinical frailty scale, RRT renal replacement therapy, VAS visual analog scale, HADS hospital anxiety and depression Scale.
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