Table 4 Correlation coefficients of biochemical traits and grain yield under water stress (WS), heat stress (HS) and combined water and heat stress (WS-HS).

	Growth conditions	Yield	POX	APX	CAT	TPC	TFC	DPPH	MDA	H₂O₂
POX	WS	0.60**	1
	HS	0.83**	1
	WS-HS	0.69**	1
APX	WS	0.62^**	0.37^*	1
	HS	0.42^*	0.39^*	1
	WS-HS	0.22^ns	0.12^ns	1
CAT	WS	0.74^**	0.35^*	0.63^**	1
	HS	0.45^**	0.3^ns	0.56^**	1
	WS-HS	0.60^**	0.66^**	0.46^**	1
TPC	WS	0.66^**	0.47^**	0.67^*	0.71^**	1
	HS	0.73^**	0.66^**	0.29^ns	0.22^ns	1
	WS-HS	0.46^**	0.43^*	0.23^ns	0.58^**	1
TFC	WS	0.79^**	0.46^**	0.62^*	0.80^**	0.80^**	1
	HS	0.46^**	0.43^*	0.2^ns	0.26^ns	0.53^**	1
	WS-HS	0.29^ns	0.06^ns	0.23^ns	0.18^ns	0.60^**	1
DPPH	WS	0.61^**	0.24^ns	0.50^**	0.50^**	0.30^ns	0.40^*	1
	HS	0.72^**	0.72^**	0.54^**	0.41^*	0.44^*	0.2^ns	1
	WS-HS	0.70^**	0.32^ns	0.41^*	0.45^*	0.38^*	0.37^*	1
MDA	WS	−0.30^ns	−0.31^ns	−0.14^ns	−0.33^*	−0.22^ns	−0.36^*	−0.02^ns	1
	HS	−0.63^**	−0.48^**	−0.52^**	−0.54^**	−0.61^**	−0.42^*	−0.48^**	1
	WS-HS	−0.56^**	−0.57^**	−0.28^ns	−0.56^**	−0.67^**	−0.49^**	−0.45^**	1
H ₂ O ₂	WS	−0.44^*	−0.27^ns	−0.018^ns	−0.48^**	−0.45^**	−0.48^**	−0.18^ns	0.37^*	1
	HS	−0.62^**	−0.41^*	0.38^*	−0.30^ns	−0.77^**	−0.51^ns	−0.44^**	0.77^**	1
	WS-HS	−0.55^**	−0.54^**	0.1^ns	−0.47^**	−0.45^**	−0.36^*	−0.51^**	0.65^**	1

GY: Grain yield per plot; POX: Guaiacol peroxidase; APX: Ascorbate peroxidase; CAT: Catalase; TPC: Total phenolic content, TFC: Total flavonoids content, DPPH: free radical scavenging capacity, MDA: Malondialdehyde; H₂O₂: Hydrogen peroxide.
^ns: not-significant; ^* and ^**: significant at p <0.05 and p <0.01, respectively.

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