Table 1 Characteristics and outcomes of patients categorized by GPR.
Overall (n = 855) | Q1 (n = 214) | Q2 (n = 214) | Q3 (n = 213) | Q4 (n = 214) | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
GPR | 1.90 (1.59, 2.28) | 1.41 (1.30, 1.49) | 1.75 (1.69, 1.81) | 2.06 (1.97, 2.15) | 2.67 (2.45, 3.00) | < 0.001 |
Demographic | ||||||
Age (y, IQR) | 61.31 (51.12, 73.42) | 61.11 (50.92, 76.69) | 58.44 (49.35, 70.35) | 61.92 (51.83, 74.12) | 63.07 (54.30, 75.38) | 0.037 |
Male (n, %) | 377 (44.1) | 107 (50.0) | 103 (48.1) | 85 (39.9) | 82 (38.3) | 0.031 |
Clinical severity | ||||||
GCS | 14.00 (13.00, 15.00) | 14.00 (14.00, 15.00) | 14.00 (13.00, 15.00) | 14.00 (10.00, 15.00) | 14.00 (11.00, 15.00) | 0.029 |
SOFA | 2.00 (1.00, 4.00) | 2.00 (1.00, 3.75) | 2.00 (1.00, 4.00) | 2.00 (1.00, 4.00) | 3.00 (2.00, 6.00) | < 0.001 |
SAPSII | 29.00 (23.00, 39.00) | 27.00 (22.00, 36.75) | 28.00 (22.00, 36.00) | 30.00 (23.00, 38.00) | 35.00 (26.25, 44.00) | < 0.001 |
OASIS | 29.00 (24.00, 36.00) | 26.50 (22.00, 32.00) | 28.00 (23.00, 33.75) | 30.00 (25.00, 37.00) | 33.00 (27.25, 40.00) | < 0.001 |
SIRS | 2.00 (2.00, 3.00) | 2.00 (1.00, 3.00) | 2.00 (2.00, 3.00) | 3.00 (2.00, 3.00) | 3.00 (2.00, 4.00) | < 0.001 |
Vital signs | ||||||
Heart rate (beats/min) | 76.82 (69.53, 86.50) | 72.89 (67.19, 82.09) | 76.81 (69.20, 84.10) | 77.00 (69.93, 85.54) | 81.19 (71.62, 90.64) | < 0.001 |
SBP (mmHg) | 125.72 (116.46, 133.61) | 121.12 (112.43, 129.13) | 126.31 (117.00, 133.24) | 126.90 (118.68, 134.77) | 128.21 (117.63, 134.28) | < 0.001 |
DBP (mmHg) | 63.62 (57.94, 69.89) | 64.01 (58.57, 71.07) | 64.54 (58.43, 71.31) | 63.22 (57.73, 68.64) | 62.46 (57.29, 68.99) | 0.057 |
MBP (mmHg) | 82.07 (75.87, 87.94) | 80.54 (74.12, 87.75) | 83.46 (76.47, 89.75) | 82.04 (76.48, 87.87) | 82.53 (76.86, 87.66) | 0.038 |
Respiratory rates (breath/min) | 17.65 (15.94, 19.56) | 17.00 (15.30, 18.81) | 16.91 (15.65, 18.64) | 17.84 (16.17, 19.88) | 18.92 (16.73, 21.09) | < 0.001 |
Temperature (℃) | 36.98 (36.75, 37.27) | 36.92 (36.73, 37.12) | 36.98 (36.78, 37.27) | 37.05 (36.79, 37.32) | 37.05 (36.73, 37.31) | 0.009 |
SPO2 | 97.60 (96.07, 98.90) | 97.22 (96.00, 98.23) | 97.64 (96.14, 98.96) | 97.59 (96.24, 99.08) | 98.08 (96.15, 99.28) | < 0.001 |
Laboratory parameters | ||||||
Hb (g/dL) | 12.40 (11.16, 13.60) | 12.28 (10.95, 13.60) | 12.60 (11.35, 13.70) | 12.47 (11.40, 13.40) | 12.35 (11.10, 13.59) | 0.433 |
RBC (109/L) | 4.08 (3.66, 4.48) | 4.04 (3.62, 4.52) | 4.10 (3.68, 4.50) | 4.06 (3.69, 4.44) | 4.09 (3.63, 4.47) | 0.805 |
WBC (109/L) | 11.40 (8.90, 14.57) | 9.32 (7.40, 11.72) | 10.97 (8.75, 13.19) | 12.70 (9.75, 15.15) | 13.81 (10.81, 17.32) | < 0.001 |
PLT (109/L) | 214.67 (174.38, 262.17) | 204.75 (169.00, 246.62) | 215.50 (179.71, 260.12) | 223.00 (179.00, 275.00) | 214.83 (167.17, 262.33) | 0.038 |
Sodium (mmol/L) | 139.50 (137.50, 141.50) | 139.50 (137.12, 141.46) | 140.00 (138.00, 141.94) | 139.00 (137.00, 141.00) | 139.58 (137.67, 142.00) | 0.031 |
Glucose (mmol/L) | 7.33 (6.32, 8.69) | 5.78 (5.36, 6.28) | 6.87 (6.44, 7.35) | 7.83 (7.33, 8.39) | 10.30 (9.00, 12.03) | < 0.001 |
Potassium (mmol/L) | 3.90 (3.65, 4.20) | 4.15 (3.90, 4.45) | 3.90 (3.71, 4.16) | 3.80 (3.60, 4.10) | 3.80 (3.55, 4.10) | < 0.001 |
Comorbidities | ||||||
Myocardial infarct (n, %) | 70 (8.2) | 14 (6.5) | 8 (3.7) | 24 (11.3) | 24 (11.2) | 0.008 |
Heart failure (n, %) | 73 (8.5) | 26 (12.1) | 12 (5.6) | 16 (7.5) | 19 (8.9) | 0.1 |
Peripheral vascular disease (n, %) | 63 (7.4) | 18 (8.4) | 14 (6.5) | 15 (7.0) | 16 (7.5) | 0.898 |
Chronic pulmonary disease (n, %) | 125 (14.6) | 32 (15.0) | 28 (13.1) | 32 (15.0) | 33 (15.4) | 0.905 |
Rheumatic disease | 14 (1.6) | 4 (1.9) | 4 (1.9) | 1 (0.5) | 5 (2.3) | 0.458 |
Hepatic disorders (n, %) | 40 (4.7) | 11 (5.1) | 11 (5.1) | 8 (3.8) | 10 (4.7) | 0.894 |
Diabetes mellitus (n, %) | 119 (13.9) | 17 (7.9) | 9 (4.2) | 20 (9.4) | 73 (34.1) | < 0.001 |
Renal disease | 63 (7.4) | 18 (8.4) | 9 (4.2) | 15 (7.0) | 21 (9.8) | 0.146 |
Malignant neoplasms (n, %) | 43 (5.0) | 12 (5.6) | 8 (3.7) | 12 (5.6) | 11 (5.1) | 0.786 |
CCI | 4.00 (2.00, 6.00) | 4.00 (2.00, 5.00) | 3.00 (2.00, 5.00) | 4.00 (2.00, 6.00) | 4.00 (3.00, 6.00) | < 0.001 |
Sepsis | 404 (47.3) | 61 (28.5) | 93 (43.5) | 103 (48.4) | 147 (68.7) | < 0.001 |
Mechanical ventilation (n, %) | 409 (47.8) | 56 (26.2) | 99 (46.3) | 107 (50.2) | 147 (68.7) | < 0.001 |
Outcomes | ||||||
30-day ACM (n, %) | 158 (18.5) | 31 (14.5) | 30 (14.0) | 34 (16.0) | 63 (29.4) | < 0.001 |
90-day ACM (n, %) | 194 (22.7) | 43 (20.1) | 40 (18.7) | 40 (18.8) | 71 (33.2) | < 0.001 |
1-year ACM (n, %) | 226 (26.4) | 51 (23.8) | 45 (21.0) | 49 (23.0) | 81 (37.9) | < 0.001 |
