Table 12 Comprehensive cost comparison of MBC-OL with established treatment technologies.

From: Magnetic orange leaf biochar for favipiravir removal from wastewater

Technology

Production cost ($/kg)

Operational cost ($/m³)

Lifespan (cycles)

Regeneration cost ($/cycle)

References

MBC-OL (This work)

12.50

0.24

10

1.20

30,69

Granular activated carbon

45.00

0.68

5

4.50

31,56

Ion exchange resins

120.00

1.15

3

8.00

56,66

Nanofiltration membranes

200.00

2.40

N/A

25.00

56

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