Table 5 Long run estimations.

From: Impacts of green and non-green energies production and R&D on ecological and carbon footprints

Vr.	Panel countries				Canada
	Model 1 (ECP is dependent)		Model 1 (CFP is dependent)		Model 1		Model 2
	Coef	Std.Er	Coef	Std.Er	Coef	Std.Er	Coef	Std.Er
lHPP	0.102***	0.024	0.030*	0.044	-0.042*	0.062	-0.099*	0.106
lNEP	-0.085*	0.102	-0.098*	0.086	0.472***	0.140	0.071***	0.012
lWFP	-0.185***	0.062	-0.289***	0.128	-0.160**	0.068	-0.184***	0.047
lGTP	0.026*	0.016	0.160***	0.071	0.336***	0.054	0.257***	0.041
lSP	-0.043***	0.006	-0.044***	0.003	-0.040***	0.009	-0.069***	0.007
lCP	0.119***	0.022	0.174***	0.047	0.033**	0.016	0.114**	0.052
lGP	0.065***	0.023	0.093***	0.043	0.409**	0.163	0.210*	0.123
lOP	-0.172***	0.031	-0.190***	0.031	-0.200*	0.105	-0.144**	0.080
lR&D	-0.084***	0.039	-0.075*	0.049	-0.172***	0.064	-0.084***	0.039
	France				Germany
lHPP	-0.009*	0.019	-0.136***	0.053	0.035	0.044	0.047	0.060
lNEP	0.539***	0.018	0.234***	0.064	0.072	0.065	0.092	0.088
lWFP	-0.138**	0.004	-0.002*	0.003	-0.063***	0.013	-0.072***	0.018
lGTP	-0.585**	0.848	0.132	0.127	-0.012*	0.047	0.012	0.064
lSP	-0.904**	0.078	-0.016*	0.014	0.043*	0.022	0.028	0.030
lCP	0.018	0.040	0.358***	0.105	0.154***	0.036	0.093*	0.100
lGP	0.201*	0.057	0.014*	0.012	-0.0125	0.047	0.202**	0.098
lOP	0.632**	0.058	0.123*	0.076	-0.066	0.067	-0.169**	0.090
lR&D	-0.017*	0.002	-0.205	0.171	-0.237***	0.074	-0.093*	0.100
	Switzerland				Spain
lHPP	-0.041	0.053	-0.065	0.074	-0.0008	0.041	-0.049	0.047
lNEP	0.095***	0.014	0.111***	0.020	0.513***	0.079	0.458***	0.091
lWFP	-0.181***	0.073	-0.053*	0.068	-0.031**	0.015	-0.021	0.018
lGTP	-0.095***	0.014	-0.217**	0.101	0.047	0.059	0.075*	0.068
lSP	-0.0895***	0.009	-0.096***	0.012	-0.064***	0.011	-0.062***	0.013
lCP	-	-	-	-	0.025*	0.038	0.081**	0.044
lGP	-	-	-	-	0.006	0.019	-0.021	0.018
lOP	-	-	-	-	-0.017	0.031	0.024	0.022
lR&D	-0.408***	0.137	-0.298*	0.191	-0.474***	0.154	-0.764***	0.178
	Belgium				Czech Republic
lHPP	-0.104**	0.057	-0.043*	0.035	-0.211***	0.047	-0.064*	0.043
lNEP	0.354***	0.038	0.231***	0.023	0.444***	0.102	0.041***	0.011
lWFP	-0.007*	0.014	-0.258***	0.048	-0.019*	0.022	-0.067**	0.024
lGTP	0.162**	0.088	0.0067**	0.054	-0.096**	0.033	-0.391***	0.136
lSP	-0.043***	0.016	-0.059***	0.010	0.017*	0.009	-0.236*	0.125
lCP	-	-	-	-	0.232**	0.103	0.367***	0.062
lGP	-	-	-	-	0.130	0.129	0.173	0.165
lOP	-	-	-	-	0.004*	0.120	0.317***	0.069
lR&D	-0.164*	0.093	-0.250**	0.089	-0.169*	0.491	-0.172	0.404
	Sweden				Norway
lHPP	0.212**	0.103	0.020	0.079	0.149**	0.076	0.288	0.294
lNEP	0.294***	0.109	0.072	0.083	-	-	-	-
lWFP	-0.067*	0.049	-0.0669**	0.038	-0.002*	0.019	-0.043*	0.058
lGTP	-0.089	0.080	-0.125**	0.061	0.240***	0.048	0.373**	0.188
lSP	-0.014*	0.061	-0.135***	0.046	-0.140***	0.041	-0.325**	0.158
lCP	-	-	-	-	0.003	0.022	0.152**	0.074
lGP	-	-	-	-	0.137**	0.067	0.076	0.259
lOP	-	-	-	-	0.258*	0.144	0.171**	0.082
lR&D	0.302	0.274	0.311	0.219	-0.073*	0.060	-0.780*	0.468
	Austria
lHPP	-0.289**	0.102	-0.439***	0.050
lNEP	-	-	-	-
lWFP	-0.061	0.147	-0.387***	0.072
lGTP	-0.226***	0.069	-0.185***	0.034
lSP	-0.228*	0.954	-1.581	2.931
lCP	0.931***	0.108	0.906***	0.053
lGP	0.163	0.124	0.282***	0.061
lOP	0.549***	0.066	0.516***	0.032
lR&D	-0.093**	0.045	-0.175***	0.022

significant at 10% is specified with *, significant at 5% specified with **, and significant at 1% specified with***. HPP is hydro power production, NEP is nuclear energy production, R&D is research and development, GTP indicated Geo-biomass production, WEP indicated wind energy production, SEP is solar energy production, ECF is ecological footprint, OP is oil production, CP is coal production, CF is carbon footprint, and GP indicated gas production.

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Table 5 Long run estimations.

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