Table 4 The permutation entropy of each IMF component when s = 16 for intersection 2.

From: Short-term traffic flow prediction research based on ICEEMDAN-MPE-PSO-DELM model

IMFm

MPE

\(\Delta {\text{MPE}}\)

IMF1

0.988

0.008

IMF2

0.980

−0.011

IMF3

0.991

0.032

IMF4

0.959

0.029

IMF5

0.930

0.173

IMF6

0.757

0.147

IMF7

0.610

0.133

IMF8

0.477

0.039

IMF9

0.438

–

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