Table 2 The association between parity and NAFLD.

From: The impact of parity on the risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease defined by hepatic steatosis index: A nationwide cohort study

 

No. of subjects

No. of NAFLD

NAFLD (%)

OR (95% CI)

Unadjusted

Model 1

Model 2

Model 3

Model 4

(A) Premenopausal

Parity

No

3,083

330

10.7

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

Yes

10,062

1,682

16.72

1.72 (1.49–2.00)

1.03 (0.86–1.23)

0.63 (0.48–0.83)

0.65 (0.49–0.85)

0.61 (0.46–0.80)

P-value

 

 < 0.001

 

 < 0.001

0.785

0.001

0.002

0.001

Number of parities

No parity

3,083

330

10.7

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

1–2births

5,778

811

14.04

1.47 (1.25–1.72)

0.98 (0.81–1.18)

0.62 (0.47–0.81)

0.63 (0.48–0.84)

0.59 (0.45–0.79)

 ≥ 3 births

4,284

871

20.33

2.09 (1.79–2.45)

1.20 (0.98–1.47)

0.67 (0.50–0.91)

0.69 (0.51–0.94)

0.64 (0.47–0.87)

P-value

 

 < 0.001

 

 < 0.001

0.005

0.003

0.005

0.002

(B) Postmenopausal

Parity

No

241

66

27.39

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

Yes

14,617

3,811

26.07

0.97 (0.70–1.36)

0.98 (0.71–1.37)

0.79 (0.52–1.20)

0.76 (0.50–1.15)

0.83 (0.52–1.30)

P-value

 

0.645

 

0.867

0.919

0.267

0.197

0.409

Number of parities

No parity

241

66

27.39

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

1–2births

3212

735

22.88

0.84 (0.60–1.18)

0.83 (0.59–1.17)

0.76 (0.49–1.16)

0.72 (0.47–1.11)

0.82 (0.51–1.31)

 ≥ 3 births

11,405

3076

26.97

1.01 (0.73–1.42)

1.05 (0.75–1.46)

0.80 (0.53–1.22)

0.77 (0.51–1.18)

0.83 (0.52–1.31)

P-value

 

 < 0.001

 

0.003

 < 0.001

0.389

0.290

0.707

  1. Model 1: adjusted for age.
  2. Model 2: adjusted for model 1 plus waist circumference.
  3. Model 3: adjusted for model 2 plus house-hold income, educational level, physical exercise, smoking, and alcohol consumption.
  4. Model 4 (A) : adjusted for model 3 plus systolic blood pressure, levels of glucose, triglycerides and HDL cholesterol,and age at menarche.
  5. Model 4 (B) : adjusted for model 3 plus systolic blood pressure, levels of glucose, triglycerides and HDL cholesterol, age at menarche, and age at menopause.