Table 3 The classification evaluation outcomes for each pre-trained deep learning model using the Arabic Char 4k OCR dataset are compared to the proposed ensemble and hybrid transformer models.

From: Integrating CNN and transformer architectures for superior Arabic printed and handwriting characters classification

The models

ACC

REC

PRE

F1 Score

AUC

VGG16

98.41

98.40

98.81

98.41

99.20

ResNet50

97.94

97.90

98.60

97.89

98.90

Ensemble model

98.72

98.72

98.98

98.74

99.30

The proposed hybrid transformer model

99.51

99.55

99.49

99.53

99.20