Table 4 Summary of the experimental factors tested in the statistical analysis and the primary and secondary outcome measures for each of the experimental sessions. HC: healthy controls; pwca: persons with cerebellar ataxia; CV: coefficient of variation.

From: Temporal prediction and feedforward control in cerebellar ataxia during spontaneous, instructed, and adaptive auditory-motor coupling while walking

Experimental session

Experimental factors tested in the statistical analysis

Primary outcome measures

Secondary outcome measures

Resultant Vector Length

Relative Phase Angle

Alpha

Spatio-temporal gait parameters (mean and CV)

Experimental Session 1:

Spontaneous auditory-motor coupling

Group (HC vs. PwCA) and Tempi (−12%,−8%,−4%,0%,4%,8%,12%) and Session (spontaneous music conditions from session 1 vs. instructed music conditions from session 2).

X

   

Experimental Session 2:

Instructed auditory-motor coupling

Group (HC vs. PwCA) and Tempi (−12%,−8%,−4%,0%,4%,8%,12%) and Stimuli (music vs. metronomes).

X

X

X

X

Experimental Session 3:

Adaptive auditory-motor coupling

Group (HC vs. PwCA), Stimuli (music vs. metronomes), Algorithm (adaptive vs. non-adaptive) and Time (minutes 1–2, minutes 3–4, minutes 5–6, minutes 6–8).

X

X

X*

X

  1. *The analysis included the condition ‘silence’ added as a level in Stimulus (music, vs. metronomes vs. silence), and did not incorporate the factor ‘Time’, as the outcome measure was calculated over the complete time-series.
Back to article page